Rescorla found that the rats in the first group showed a much stronger conditioned fear response than the rats in the second group. How did Rescorla explain this finding?
The tone was a more reliable predictor of the shock for the first group of rats
.
What did Robert Rescorla’s experiment establish?
In 1968, Rescorla conducted one of his most famous studies –
the ‘truly random control’ procedure
1
. This study underlined the importance of continuity between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) in learning.
What did Rescorla and Wagner show about conditioning?
The psychologist Robert Rescorla showed that in classical conditioning,
pairing two stimuli doesn’t always produce the same level of conditioning
. Conditioning works better if the conditioned stimulus acts as a reliable signal that predicts the appearance of the unconditioned stimulus.
What did Rescorla do for psychology?
Rescorla was perhaps the greatest pure experimental psychologist of the 20th century. He was the undisputable heir to Ivan Pavlov
How did Rescorla and Wagner 1972 explain the phenomenon of blocking?
The Rescorla-Wagner model is a
formal model of the circumstances under which Pavlovian conditioning occurs
. It attempts to describe the changes in associative strength (V) between a signal (conditioned stimulus, CS) and the subsequent stimulus (unconditioned stimulus, US) as a result of a conditioning trial.
What does the Rescorla-Wagner model refer to?
The Rescorla-Wagner model is
a formal model of the circumstances under which Pavlovian conditioning occurs
. It attempts to describe the changes in associative strength (V) between a signal (conditioned stimulus, CS) and the subsequent stimulus (unconditioned stimulus, US) as a result of a conditioning trial.
What did Rescorla and Wagner show about conditioning quizlet?
Robert Rescorla and Allen Wagner were the first to realize what about classical conditioning? …
those in a vegetative state showed trace conditioning but those who were unconscious did not.
What is Skinner’s theory?
The theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the
idea that learning is a function of change in overt behavior
. Changes in behavior are the result of an individual’s response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment. … Reinforcement is the key element in Skinner’s S-R theory.
How has classical conditioning contributed to psychology?
John Watson proposed that the process of classical conditioning (based on Pavlov’s observations)
was able to explain all aspects of human psychology
. … Everything from speech to emotional responses was simply patterns of stimulus and response.
How would a behaviorist explain learned helplessness?
Learned helplessness has since become a basic principle of behavioral theory, demonstrating that prior learning
can result in a drastic change in behaviour
and seeking to explain why individuals may accept and remain passive in negative situations despite their clear ability to change them.
How does the Rescorla Wagner model explain overshadowing?
Overshadowing is
classical conditioning phenomenon
which is explained well by the Rescorla-Wagner Model. … For example, if a CS
1
and CS
2
compound is used to predict a US, it can been seen that CS
2
elicits less conditioned response than if it had been paired with the US independently.
What is taste aversion in psychology?
A taste aversion is
a tendency to avoid or make negative associations with a food that you ate just before getting sick
. Many people have taste aversions and they’re often the subject of conversations about food.
Is classical conditioning cognitive or behavioral?
Classical conditioning is a critical factor in both human and animal psychology. In
cognitive behavioral
therapy (CBT) classical conditioning can be viewed as a transdiagnostic mechanism (maintenance factor) with client difficulties often the result of conditioned responses.
Why is the Rescorla Wagner model important?
One of the most important contributions made by the R-W model is that
it predicts Blocking and Unblocking
. Blocking occurs when a novel stimulus (because it is novel it has no predictive value) is presented together with a well-established CS (whose predictive value Page 2 is essentially equal to λ, that is, 1).
What was Little Albert conditioned to be afraid of?
The Little Albert Experiment demonstrated that classical conditioning—the association of a particular stimulus or behavior with an unrelated stimulus or behavior—works in human beings. In this experiment, a previously unafraid baby was conditioned to become
afraid of a rat
.
What is biological preparedness?
Biological preparedness is the
idea that people and animals are inherently inclined to form associations between certain stimuli and responses
. This concept plays an important role in learning, particularly in understanding the classical conditioning process.
