In eukaryotes, transcription and translation take place in different cellular compartments:
transcription takes place in the membrane-bounded nucleus
, whereas translation takes place outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. In prokaryotes, the two processes are closely coupled (Figure 28.15).
Where does DNA transcription process occur?
Transcription takes place
in the nucleus
. It uses DNA as a template to make an RNA molecule. RNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. Translation reads the genetic code in mRNA and makes a protein.
Where does DNA transcription start and end?
Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene
(directly or through helper proteins). RNA polymerase uses one of the DNA strands (the template strand) as a template to make a new, complementary RNA molecule. Transcription ends in a process called termination.
Where does transcription and translation occur?
The eukaryotic nucleus therefore provides a distinct compartment within the cell, allowing transcription and splicing to proceed prior to the beginning of translation. Thus, in eukaryotes, while
transcription occurs in the nucleus, translation occurs in the cytoplasm
.
Why does transcription occur in the nucleus?
Why does transcription occur in the nucleus and not in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes? Transcription (making mRNA from DNA) needs to happen in the nucleus
because that's where the DNA is
. DNA is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing. The mRNA that is made here is processed before leaving the nucleus.
What are the 5 steps of transcription?
- of 05. Pre-Initiation. Atomic Imagery / Getty Images. …
- of 05. Initiation. Forluvoft / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain. …
- of 05. Promoter Clearance. …
- of 05. Elongation. …
- of 05. Termination.
Is DNA directly involved in transcription?
Protein synthesis is a two-step process that involves two main events called transcription and translation. In transcription, the DNA code is transcribed (copied) into mRNA. … However,
DNA is not directly involved in the translation process
, instead mRNA is transcribed into a sequence of amino acids.
What are the 3 stages of transcription?
- Step 1: Initiation. Initiation is the beginning of transcription. …
- Step 2: Elongation. Elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mRNA strand. …
- Step 3: Termination.
What are the 4 steps of transcription?
- Initiation. The DNA molecule unwinds and separates to form a small open complex.
- Elongation. RNA polymerase moves along the template strand, synthesising an mRNA molecule.
- Termination. In prokaryotes there are two ways in which transcription is terminated.
- Processing.
What would happen if both strands of the DNA act as template for transcription?
In transcription, a portion of the double-stranded DNA template
gives rise to a single-stranded RNA molecule
. … Often, however, transcription of an RNA molecule is followed by a translation step, which ultimately results in the production of a protein molecule.
What is difference between transcription and translation?
Hint: Transcription is the process of copying a gene's DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule and translation is the process in which proteins are synthesized after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus. …
Translation synthesizes proteins from RNA copies
.
What two places in the cell can translation occur?
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation take place in different cellular compartments: transcription takes place in the membrane-bounded nucleus, whereas translation takes place
outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm
. In prokaryotes, the two processes are closely coupled (Figure 28.15).
Why must transcription and translation occur?
Transcription and translation are the two processes that convert a
sequence of nucleotides from DNA into a sequence of amino acids to build the desired protein
. These two processes are essential for life. They are found in all organisms – eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
What enzyme makes copies of DNA?
DNA polymerase (DNAP)
is a type of enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of DNA, in the form of nucleic acid molecules.
