Perchlorate may occur naturally, particularly in arid regions such as the southwestern United States and is found as an impurity in
hypochlorite solutions
used for drinking water treatment and nitrate salts used to produce nitrate fertilizers, explosives, and other products.
How does perchlorate get into drinking water?
How does perchlorate get into my drinking water? … While
it has often been detected in water supplies in close proximity to sites
where solid rocket fuel is manufactured or used, there are also locations in the United States lacking a clearly defined source.
How common is perchlorate in water?
| Threshold Concentration (μg/L) Water Systems with Detections above Threshold Percent of U.S. Water Systems with Detections above Threshold | 18 μg/L 15 0.03% | 56 μg/L 2 0.004% | 90 μg/L 1 0.002% |
|---|
Is perchlorate regulated in drinking water?
The presence of perchlorate in drinking water is also
regulated
in Arizona, California, New Jersey, New York and Texas. California set a public health goal of 1 ppb in 2015, although its legal limit remains 6 ppb.
What is the source of perchlorate?
Perchlorate occurs naturally in arid states in the Southwest United States (U.S.), in
nitrate fertilizer deposits
in Chile, and in potash ore in the U.S. and Canada. Perchlorate also forms naturally in the atmosphere.
How do you test for perchlorate in water?
Methods 314 and 332 are two EPA-approved methods for perchlorate detection that Alpha Analytical Labs uses in the testing of drinking water and industrial wastewater samples. Both of these methods use
ion chromatography (IC)
and are capable of detecting sub-ppb levels of perchlorate.
How do you stop perchlorate?
A number of options are available to
drinking water systems
to lower concentrations of perchlorate in the drinking water supply. In some cases, drinking water systems may be able to reduce concentrations of perchlorate by closing contaminated wells or changing rates of blending of water sources.
What is cio4?
A
perchlorate
is a chemical compound containing the perchlorate ion, ClO
−
4
. .
How does perchlorate affect thyroid?
At high levels,
perchlorate can inhibit the function of the thyroid gland
, leading to hypothyroidism in adults. Now, a large study published yesterday in Environmental Health Perspectives shows that much lower levels of perchlorate, traditionally considered safe, can be detrimental to thyroid function in women.
What is PHG in water testing?
A PHG is
the level of a chemical contaminant in drinking water that does not pose a significant risk to health
. PHGs are not regulatory standards. … In some cases, it may not be feasible for SWRCB to set the drinking water standard for a contaminant at the same level as the PHG.
How much perchlorate is toxic?
In 2009, a study was conducted to estimate the national cost implications of setting a federal maximum contaminant limit (MCL) for perchlorate at levels
between 4 and 24 μg/L
[43].
How do you remove perchlorate from water?
Regenerable and single-pass ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and fixed- and fluidized-bed biological treatment
can all remove perchlorate from drinking water sources.
Is perchlorate naturally occurring?
❖ Perchlorate may occur naturally,
particularly in arid regions such as the southwestern United States
(Rao and others 2007). ❖ Manufactured forms of perchlorate include perchloric acid and salts such as ammonium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate
How do perchlorates enter the environment?
Other human-made sources for perchlorate release into the environment include
road-side safety flares and fireworks
. Perchlorate has also been detected at low levels as an impurity in certain consumer products such as bleach, and the use and disposal of these products could also lead to releases.
Do Brita filters remove perchlorate?
“
There are no pitcher-type water filters that will remove perchlorate
,” Wu said. … Perchlorate can occur naturally, but Wu noted that the highest concentrations have been found near military installations where it was used in the testing of rockets and missiles.
How does perchlorate form naturally?
Perchlorate is an anion consisting of one chlorine atom bonded to four atoms of oxygen, giving it a net charge of minus one (ClO
4
–
). … In addition to manufactured sources, perchlorate occurs naturally as
a minor constituent of fertilizers mined from Chilean nitrate ores in the Atacama Desert
.
