When Is It Appropriate To Substitute A Drug?

In generic substitution, a generic drug is substituted for a brand name drug. However, both drugs have the same active chemical ingredient, same dosage strength, and same dosage form. Therapeutic substitution occurs when

a pharmacist substitutes a chemically different drug for the drug that the physician prescribed

.

What is cross dependence?

Cross-dependency

happens when the old addiction is replaced with a new one

. People often become cross-dependent on prescription and over-the-counter drugs. Or they might become addicted to a new substance or activity. New substances can also cause a relapse into the old addiction.

What is the term that describes the ability of one drug to substitute for another?

The ability of one drug to prevent the withdrawal symptoms of one's physical dependence on another.

What is dispositional tolerance?

Dispositional tolerance occurs

when repeated doses of a drug results in accelerated metabolism

. An example of this is with repeated administration of barbiturates or ethanol [3].

What are Neuroadaptations?

Neuroadaptations are

anatomic or physiologic changes that attempt to maintain homeostasis and occur

following the use of cocaine, methamphetamine (Meth), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).

What is an example of a replacement drug?

Dilantin

(phenytoin), Luminal (phenobarbital), Tegretol (carbamazepine), Neurontin (gabapentin), Lamictal (lamotrigine), Gabitril, Keppra, and Zonegran (zonisamide).

What does substitution allowed mean on a prescription?

Therapeutic substitution means

the medication you were prescribed has been switched by a pharmacist to a drug with different active ingredients

. Therapeutic substitution is different than when a brand name drug is switched to its a generic.

What is meant by cross tolerance?

cross tolerance occurs when

prolonged drug use of one substance decreases the effectiveness of a distinct substance

.

What are benzodiazepines?

Benzodiazepines (pronounced ‘ben-zoh-die-AZ-a-peens') are

drugs which slows down messages travelling between the brain and body

. Other depressants include alcohol, cannabis and heroin. Benzodiazepines are also minor tranquillisers, usually prescribed by doctors to relieve stress and anxiety and to help people sleep.

What are the four types of tolerance?

The types of drug tolerance include

pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, psychological, behavioral and tachyphylaxis

.

What are the three main types of drug tolerance?

Historically, tolerance has been divided into three functional classes:

acute, rapid, and chronic

(see figure 1) based on how long after exposure to alcohol tolerance develops. Many molecular mechanisms underlie the development of these types of tolerance.

Can drug tolerance be reversed?

Addiction medicine expert David Sack, MD, notes that the development of tolerance to a drug

can be reversed very quickly during even short periods of abstinence

, and the risk of overdose is very high if a user returns to using drugs at the same dose they had become accustomed to before stopping.

How can you prevent drug tolerance?

1. Consider non-pharmaceutical treatments. Medication is vital for many patients, but it's not the only treatment available. …
2. Keep a journal. Especially when recovering from an injury, it can be hard to recall how you've progressed. …
3. Dispose of unnecessary prescriptions.

What do you do when you relapse?

1. Reaching out for help. Seeking support from family, friends, and other sober people can help you cope with a relapse. …
2. Attending a self-help group. …
3. Avoiding triggers. …
4. Setting healthy boundaries. …
5. Engaging in self-care. …
6. Reflecting on the relapse. …
7. Developing a relapse prevention plan.

How does environment play a role in addiction?

Living or working in an environment where alcohol and drugs are readily or often available

can increase vulnerability to developing an addiction. Exposure to substances on a regular or semi-regular basis normalizes drug use and can make individuals more liable to drug seeking-behavior, and as a result – addiction.

Which is the most powerful drug?

• Clarithromycin. …
• Clozapine. …
• Cocaine. …
• Colchicine. …
• Cough Medicines. …
• Digoxin. …
• Heroin. …
• Semi-Synthetic Opioids. Common semi-synthetic opioids include Percocet, Vicodin, and OxyContin.