Psychology aims
to change, influence, or control behavior
to make positive, constructive, meaningful, and lasting changes in people’s lives and to influence their behavior for the better. This is the final and most important goal of psychology.
What did Gordon Allport think about traits?
Terms in this set (39) He thought they were wired into the nervous system. What did Gordon Allport think about traits?
Hermoine was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical
.
Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives?
The
Humanistic
School of Thought
Humanistic psychology developed as a response to psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Humanistic psychology instead focused on individual free will, personal growth and the concept of self-actualization.
Which cognitive event attributed to the work of Martin Seligman is seen as a cause of major depression?
In early 1965, psychologist Martin Seligman and his colleagues
” accidentally”
discovered an unexpected phenomenon related to human depression while studying the relationship between fear and learning in dogs.
What is the main goal of psychology?
So as you have learned, the four primary goals of psychology are to
describe, explain, predict, and change behavior
. In many ways, these objectives are similar to the kinds of things you probably do every day as you interact with others.
What are the main goals of psychology quizlet?
The four goals of psychology are to
describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior and mental processes
. Research conducted to seek new knowledge and to explore and advance general scientific understanding.
What is Gordon Allport’s trait theory?
Gordon Allport’s Trait Theory
Cardinal traits:
Allport suggested that cardinal traits are rare, and dominate, usually developing later in life
. They tend to define a person to such an extent that their names become synonymous with their personality.
What did Gordon Allport contribution to psychology?
His important introductory work on the theory of personality was Personality: A Psychological Interpretation (1937). Allport is best known for the concept that, although adult motives develop from infantile drives,
they become independent of them
. Allport called this concept functional autonomy.
What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?
What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?
Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism
.
What theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning and focuses on the effects of environment on one’s behavior?
The Behaviorist Approach
. Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning which states all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment through a process called conditioning.
In his theory,
Erikson
emphasized the social relationships that are important at each stage of personality development, in contrast to Freud’s emphasis on sex. Erikson identified eight stages, each of which represents a conflict or developmental task ([link]).
What is Martin Seligman’s theory?
Seligman discovered that
when people feel they have no control over their situation
, they tend to give up rather than fight for control. His research on helplessness and pessimism had important implications in the prevention and treatment of depression.
What is the primary goal of a therapist in person centered therapy?
In person-centered therapy, the focus is on the person, not the problem. The goal is for
the client to achieve greater independence
. This will allow the client to better cope with any current and future problems they may face.
When did Martin Seligman found positive psychology?
Born in 1942, Seligman is credited as the father of Positive Psychology and its efforts to scientifically explore human potential. In Authentic Happiness (
2002
), he explains that his journey towards this new field in psychology started off in a study on learned helplessness in dogs.
What are the 5 main goals of psychology?
- Five Goals. Describe, improve, predict, control.
- Describe. Observe behavior and describe, often in minute detail, what was observed as objectively as possible.
- Explain. Psychologists must go beyond what is obvious and explain their observations. …
- Predict. …
- Control. …
- Improve.
What are the 3 main goals of psychologists when doing their research?
- To find ways to measure and describe behavior.
- To understand why, when, and how events occur.
- To apply this knowledge to solving real-world problems.
What are the four goals of psychology and what do they mean?
To sum up, psychology is centered on four major goals: to
describe, explain, predict, and change or control behaviors
. These goals are the foundation of most theories and studies in an attempt to understand the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes that people face in their daily lives.
What is Cattell’s trait theory of personality?
an approach to personality description based on the identification of traits through factor analysis and their classification into surface traits and the 16 source traits that underlie them
. [
Which is the most preferred approach by Allport in the field of personality research?
Rather than focusing on the psychoanalytic and behavioral approaches that were popular during his time, Allport instead chose to utilize
an eclectic approach
. As one of the founding figures of personality psychology, his lasting influence is still felt today.
What is the primary goal of the trait approach to personality?
In psychology, trait theory (also called dispositional theory) is an approach to the study of human personality. Trait theorists are primarily interested in
the measurement of traits
, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behaviour, thought, and emotion.
What did Raymond Cattell contribution to psychology?
Psychologist Raymond Cattell is best known for his 16-factor personality model, developing
the concept of fluid versus crystallized intelligence
, and working with factor and multivariate analysis.
What was William James main contribution to the field of psychology?
William James is famous for helping to found psychology as a formal discipline,
for establishing the school of functionalism in psychology
, and for greatly advancing the movement of pragmatism in philosophy.
What was Gordon Allport the first to determine?
Gordon Allport was the first to determine that:
certain consistencies in a person’s behavior may reflect some sort of inner psychological quality
.
What is the behavioral perspectives in psychology?
The behavioral perspective is
all about acting throughout life as a result of some form of motivation or incentive
. It relates to the reasons that an individual will participate in any given act rather than the way that they react.
What does the behavioral perspective focus on?
The Behavioral Perspective
This approach centers
around learned behaviors rather than internal processes
like cognition. In other words, behavioral psychologists explore psychology through observable behaviors and actions. In this perspective, psychologists treat all behavior as learned or acquired.
Why is the behavioral perspective the best?
The behavioral approach is the best because
it is easier to quantify and collect data and information when one is conducting a research
.
What is the most widely used personality inventory?
Summary.
The MMPI
is the most frequently used and most extensively researched psychological assessment tool. It is used extensively to help doctors and therapists screen for and diagnose mental health conditions.
What are the main objectives of client-centered therapy?
The goals of client-centered therapy are
increased self-esteem and openness to experience
. Client-centered therapists work to help clients lead full lives of self-understanding and reduce defensiveness, guilt, and insecurity.
Which of the following is an appropriate goal for solution focused therapy?
The goal of SFBT is
to find and implement a solution to the problem or problems as soon as possible to minimize time spent in therapy
and, more importantly, time spent struggling or suffering (Antin, 2018).
Which of the following is a basic goal of cognitive behavioral therapy?
Goals of Cognitive Therapy Include:
the promotion of self-awareness and emotional intelligence by teaching clients
to “read” their emotions and distinguish healthy from unhealthy feelings. helping clients understand how distorted perceptions and thoughts contribute to painful feelings.
What is learning theory education?
Learning theory
describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning
. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a world view, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained.
What is the most important aspect of successful psychotherapy?
The most important aspect of effective therapy is that
the patient and the therapist work together to help the patient reach their goals in therapy
. Q. Some therapists consistently produce better outcomes than others, regardless of treatment and patient characteristics.
In what ways is Adler’s individual psychology more optimistic than Freudian psychology?
Individual psychology developed into a theory that is
optimistic
in contrast with Freud’s pessimistic ideas about humanity. Over time the person develops, gains mastery over the environment, and forms a self. If all goes well, this person will be responsible to, and caring toward others.
What did ego psychology emphasize most?
Many psychoanalysts use a theoretical construct called the ego to explain how that is done through various ego functions. Adherents of ego psychology focus on
the ego’s normal and pathological development
, its management of libidinal and aggressive impulses, and its adaptation to reality.
What is neo Freudian theory of personality?
The neo-Freudian theories are theories based on Freudian principles that
emphasize the role of the unconscious and early experience in shaping personality but place less evidence on sexuality as the primary motivating force in personality
and are more optimistic concerning the prospects for personality growth and …
Why is Martin Seligman important in psychology?
He is a
leading authority in the fields of Positive Psychology
, resilience, learned helplessness, depression, optimism and pessimism. He is also a recognized authority on interventions that prevent depression, and build strengths and well-being. He has written more than 350 scholarly publications and 30 books.
Who is Martin Seligman Positive Psychology quizlet?
psychologist interested in learned-helplessness and advanced the idea of positive
psychology. a condition resulting from the perception that we have no control over our environment.
What theoretical perspective of wellbeing is Seligman 2002 best known for?
According to Seligman (2002),
Positive Psychology
is based on three main concepts, namely: the study of positive emotion; the study of positive traits or qualities, especially strengths and virtues, including such abilities as intelligence and athleticism; and finally, the study of the so-called positive institutions, …
