Rocks on either side of the fault boundary
What are rocks that break and move past each other called?
When the rocks move past each other along fracture surface, it is called
a faulting
. Fault surfaces are often nearly planar, and that planar surface is referred to as a “fault plane.” There are four types of faulting — normal, reverse, strike-slip, and oblique.
What is it called when the rock moves?
Sailing stones
(also called sliding rocks, walking rocks, rolling stones, and moving rocks) are part of the geological phenomenon in which rocks move and inscribe long tracks along a smooth valley floor without animal intervention.
What force causes rocks on either side of a fault to slide past each other?
Shear
is the force that causes rocks on either side of a fault to slide past each other. Normal Faults Tensional forces inside Earth cause rocks to be pulled apart.
When the rock above a fault plane moves downward relative to the rock below the fault plane?
A normal fault
is one in which the rocks above the fault plane, or hanging wall, move down relative to the rocks below the fault plane, or footwall. A reverse fault
What are the 5 stages of the rock cycle?
- Transportation. …
- Deposition. …
- Compaction & Cementation.
When rocks are stressed beyond their?
When the rocks are stressed beyond
their elastic limit
, they break, move along the fault, and then return to their original shapes. An earthquake results. Earthquakes may be small vibrations that no one notices.
What type of stress pushes rocks together?
Tension is a directed (non-uniform) stress that pulls rock apart in opposite directions. The tensional (also called extensional) forces pull away from each other.
Compression
is a directed (non-uniform) stress that pushes rocks together.
In which direction does the hanging wall slide in a normal fault?
In a normal fault, the hanging wall moves
downward
, relative to the footwall. A downthrown block between two normal faults dipping towards each other is a graben. An upthrown block between two normal faults dipping away from each other is a horst.
Which stress force pulls on the crust and stretches the rock?
Tension
The stress force called tension pulls on the crust, stretching rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle.
What causes faults to move?
Tensional stress
is when rock slabs are pulled apart from each other, causing normal faults. With normal faults, the hanging wall slips downward relative to the footwall. … These rocks move like your hands do when you rub them together to warm up. The movement along faults is what causes earthquakes.
Which is the most abundant rock found on the earth?
Sedimentary rocks
are the most common rocks exposed on Earth’s surface but are only a minor constituent of the entire crust, which is dominated by igneous and metamorphic rocks.
What happens when too much pressure builds up at a fault?
An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault. When too much pressure builds,
massive chunks of the Earth move and release intense energy
. This results in waves that travel through the Earth’s outer crust to cause the shaking during an earthquake.
What are the 7 steps in this rock cycle?
- Transportation. Eroded rock particles are carried away by wind or by rain, streams, rivers, and oceans.
- Deposition. …
- Compaction & Cementation.
Does the rock cycle ever end?
The rock cycle continues. Mountains made of metamorphic rocks can be broken up and washed away by streams. New sediments from these mountains can make new sedimentary rock.
The rock cycle never stops.
What comes first in the rock cycle?
The rock cycle begins with
molten rock (magma below ground, lava above ground)
, which cools and hardens to form igneous rock. … Sedimentary rock can be deeply buried, subjected to heat and pressure, which over time, cause it to change its structure into a new rock, a metamorphic rock.
