Expert opinion:
Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine
are the most common AEDs which induce hyponatremia in patients with epilepsy. Recently, other AEDs, such as eslicarbazepine, sodium valproate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam
Does valproic acid cause hyponatremia?
We conclude that sodium valproate
can cause an SIADH-like syndrome with hyponatremia
and that serum sodium levels have to be monitored during treatment with high dosages of this drug.
Does divalproex cause hyponatremia?
Abstract. Divalproex sodium (DVP) is an antiepileptic medication that also has mood stabilizing properties for patients with mental health disorders. Currently, there are a small number of case reports discussing the incidence of hyponatremia that
occurs as an adverse effect of DVP
.
What medications decrease sodium levels?
Finally, a number of medications can lower blood sodium levels. Examples of these include
diuretics, vasopressin
, and the sulfonylurea drugs.
How does phenytoin cause hyponatremia?
Phenytoin has been shown to inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormones [19] and has been thought not to induce hyponatremia. However, we found an
increased risk of hyponatremia
in patients using phenytoin (adjusted OR 1.68) but when analyzing newly initiated vs.
How does low sodium affect epilepsy?
Low blood sodium is common in older adults, especially those who are hospitalized or living in long-term care facilities. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia can include altered personality, lethargy and confusion. Severe hyponatremia
can cause seizures, coma and even death
.
Can eslicarbazepine cause low sodium?
Hyponatremia is an important side effect of some AEDs, especially oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine [57, 58].
Eslicarbazepine seems to have a lower incidence of hyponatremia than
these drugs, occurring in only 0.6–1.5% of patients [42, 59, 60].
Which organ is most affected by hyponatremia?
Hyponatremia is more likely in people living with certain diseases, like kidney failure, congestive heart failure, and diseases affecting the
lungs
, liver or brain. It often occurs with pain after surgery.
How much water should I drink for hyponatremia?
The authors of the study report that hyponatremia symptoms can develop if a person drinks
3–4 liters of
water in a short period, though they do not give a specific time estimate. According to one case report , soldiers developed symptoms after consuming at least 2 quarts (1.9 liters) of water per hour.
Does coffee deplete sodium?
Chronic caffeine intake
increases urinary sodium excretion
What is normal sodium level?
A normal blood sodium
What do you do for hyponatremia?
- Intravenous fluids. Your doctor may recommend IV sodium solution to slowly raise the sodium levels in your blood. …
- Medications. You may take medications to manage the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia, such as headaches, nausea and seizures.
Does omeprazole cause hyponatremia?
We concluded that both omeprazole and pantoprazole
caused mild hyponatremia in our patient
and considered this to be a PPI class effect. After careful discussion of risks and benefits with our patient, PPI treatment was continued and after 5 months his serum sodium level declined slightly to 131 mmol/L.
Can you recover from low sodium?
Generally, low sodium is asymptomatic (does not produce symptoms), when it is mild or related to your diet. It can
take weeks or months
for you to experience the effects of low salt in your diet—and these effects can be corrected by just one day of normal salt intake.
Can low sodium cause fits?
Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low levels of sodium in the blood. Its symptoms are similar to those caused by dehydration. In severe cases, the brain may swell, which can lead to headaches, seizures, coma, and even
death
( 27 ).
What is considered severe hyponatremia?
Severe hyponatremia (
< 125 mEq/L
) has a high mortality rate. In patients whose serum sodium level falls below 105 mEq/L, and especially in alcoholics, the mortality is over 50%.
