Developed by
American psychologists including George Miller
in the 1950s, Information Processing Theory has in recent years compared the human brain to a computer.
What is the information processing theory?
Information Processing Theory
uses a computer model to describe human learning
. Information comes in, it gets processed, and then it gets stored and retrieved. Of course this is an oversimplification of human learning, but it gives us a good overview and simile by using the computer model.
What are the 3 types of information processing theory?
It is hypothesised that processing involves three stages:
Encoding (collecting and representing information); Storage
(holding information); Retrieval (obtaining the information when needed); and a Control Process that determines how and when information will flow through the system.
Who created chunking theory?
The term chunking was introduced in a 1956 paper by
George A. Miller
, The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two : Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Information. Chunking breaks up long strings of information into units or chunks.
What is George Miller’s theory?
In this classic of cognitive psychology, Miller proposed
that short-term memory is subject to certain limits including span and the quantity of information that can be stored at a given time
. For more, read this New York Times article George A. Miller, a Pioneer in Cognitive Psychology, Is Dead at 92.
What is an example of information processing theory?
The idea of information processing was adopted by cognitive psychologists as a model of how human thought works. For example,
the eye receives visual information and codes information into electric neural activity which is fed back to the brain
where it is “stored” and “coded”.
How do humans process information?
We get information into our brains through a process called
encoding
, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once we receive sensory information from the environment, our brains label or code it. We organize the information with other similar information and connect new concepts to existing concepts.
What is the main idea of information processing theory?
The premise of Information Processing Theory is that
creating a long-term memory is something that happens in stages
; first we perceive something through our sensory memory, which is everything we can see, hear, feel or taste in a given moment; our short-term memory is what we use to remember things for very short …
What are the four stages of information processing?
The sequence of events in processing information, which includes
(1) input, (2) processing, (3) storage and (4) output
.
How does expertise affect information processing?
As expertise grows,
performance of the task becomes automatic
. This cognitive phenomenon is called “automaticity.” … As expertise is acquired, the learner’s cognitive processing system becomes more efficient at processing new information. As a result, experts can see the whole picture.
What is the chunking strategy?
A Chunking activity involves
breaking down a difficult text into more manageable pieces and having students rewrite these “chunks” in their own words
. … Chunking helps students identify key words and ideas, develops their ability to paraphrase, and makes it easier for them to organize and synthesize information.
What is chunking theory?
Chunking refers to
the process of taking individual pieces of information and grouping them into larger units
. By grouping each data point into a larger whole, you can improve the amount of information you can remember.
What is the 7 2 theory?
The Magic number 7 (plus or minus two)
provides evidence for the capacity of short term memory
. Most adults can store between 5 and 9 items in their short-term memory. … He though that short term memory could hold 7 (plus or minus 2 items) because it only had a certain number of “slots” in which items could be stored.
What are the two types of long-term memory?
There are two types of long-term memory:
declarative or explicit memory and non-declarative or implicit memory
. Explicit memory refers to information that can be consciously evoked. There are two types of declarative memory: episodic memory and semantic memory.
Evolutionary psychology is
inspired by the work of Charles Darwin
and applies his ideas of natural selection to the mind. Darwin’s theory argues that all living species, including humans, arrived at their current biological form through a historical process involving random inheritable changes.
What are the three processes of memory?
Psychologists distinguish between three necessary stages in the learning and memory process:
encoding, storage, and retrieval
(Melton, 1963). Encoding is defined as the initial learning of information; storage refers to maintaining information over time; retrieval is the ability to access information when you need it.
