Unobtrusive measures
are measures that don’t require the researcher to intrude in the research context. Direct and participant observation require that the researcher be physically present.
What type of research does not require the researcher to intrude upon or interact with those they are studying?
UNObtrUsIVE MEtHOD
Unobtrusive methods
are research practices that do not require the researcher to intrude in the context of the actors. Unobtrusive methods do not involve direct elicitation of data from the research participants or actors.
Which of the following modes of observation does not require the researcher to intrude to some degree on whatever he or she is studying?
Unobtrusive measures
are measures that don’t require the researcher to intrude in the research context. Direct and participant observation require that the researcher be physically present.
Which of the following is an example of unobtrusive observations?
obtrusive and unobtrusive (or physical trace) observation, depending on whether the subjects being studied can detect the observation (e.g.
hidden microphones or cameras observing behaviour and doing garbage audits to determine consumption
are examples of unobtrusive observation)
What of the following can be used on any product of human communication?
Content analysis
can be used on any product of human communication. Logical reasoning and replication are used to handle the problem of validity in the analysis of existing statistics. As a mode of observation, content analysis is essentially a coding operation.
What are the major types of unobtrusive methods?
described four categories of data that might provide unobtrusive measures:
physical traces, archives, simple observation, and contrived observation
. We begin this chapter with a variety of examples of these more “creative” methods, mainly to suggest how broad these possibilities are.
What is the difference between obtrusive and unobtrusive observations?
Direct Observation: Researchers watch a behavior as it occurs and report what they see. … Unobtrusive or Disguised Observation:
Subject does not know he/she is being observed
. Obtrusive or Undisguised Observation: Subject knows he/she is being observed.
What are the strengths of qualitative research?
Strengths of Qualitative Research
Issues
can be examined in detail and in depth
. Interviews are not restricted to specific questions and can be guided/redirected by the researcher in real time. The research framework and direction can be quickly revised as new information emerges.
What are the 8 characteristics of qualitative research?
- Researcher as a key instrument (researcher as key instrument). …
- Multiple sources of data. …
- The meaning of the participants (participant’s meaning). …
- Design that develops (emergent design). …
- Theoretical perspective (theoritical lens). …
- Interpretive. …
- A holistic account.
Where can quantitative research be applied?
Quantitative research is widely used in
the natural and social sciences
: biology, chemistry, psychology, economics, sociology, marketing, etc.
What are the three types of unobtrusive research?
Three main sources of unobtrusive data can be distinguished:
traces, documentary records, and direct nonparticipative observation
. Each of these is discussed with examples of their use, as is the increasing use of unobtrusive data acquired online.
What is observation in research?
What is an observation?
A way to gather data by watching people, events, or noting physical characteristics in their natural setting
. Observations can be overt (subjects know they are being observed) or covert (do not know they are being watched).
What is an example of unobtrusive measure?
This differs from direct measures like surveys, interviews, and questionnaires that involve interaction with the participants.
Structured observation
is an example of an unobtrusive measure – there is no direct interaction with the participants, only observation from a distance.
What are the 3 types of communication skills?
When communication occurs, it typically happens in one of three ways:
verbal, nonverbal and visual
. People very often take communication for granted.
Which of the following is an example of Paralanguage?
Which of the following an example of paralanguage behavior? All of these are examples of paralanguage:
raising volume when speaking
, pausing between words to emphasize certain words, lowering pitch, lowering volume when speaking.
What is the code system used by humans to communicate?
Traditionally, communication scholars have divided the codes used for human communication into two categories:
verbal codes
and nonverbal codes.
