Behavior
is something that a person does that can be observed, measured, and repeated. When we clearly define behavior, we specifically describe actions (e.g., Sam talks during class instruction).
What is something you can observe or measure directly?
Observing someone’s hair color
is an example of direct observation, whereby a researcher can look at a person and see the trait they are measuring. Physical characteristics, like hair color, eye color, and body type, are all able to be directly observed.
How do you observe human behavior?
- Create a baseline. People have different quirks and patterns of behavior. …
- Look for deviations. …
- Notice clusters of gestures. …
- Compare and contrast. …
- Look into the mirror. …
- Identify the strong voice. …
- Observe how they walk. …
- Pinpoint action words.
What school of psychology that looks at the basic elements of unconscious experience?
| A B | psychoanalysis The school of psychology, founded by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior. |
|---|
What are dreams perceptions thoughts and memories?
Mental Processes
(cognitive processes) are mental processes that are not directly observable. They include dreams, perceptions, thoughts, memories, etc.
What can be measured only by its effects on matter?
Extensive properties, such as
mass and volume
, depend on the amount of matter being measured. Intensive properties, such as density and color, do not depend on the amount of the substance present. … Chemical properties can be measured only by changing a substance’s chemical identity.
What is indirect observation example?
Indirect observation would be
observation that takes place in unnatural, artificial settings
. An unnatural setting would, for example, be observations in a laboratory, observation of video footage, photos, etc.
How does observation is done when measuring personality?
Observations might be made simply to
describe a person’s response repertoire at a given time
. For example, the number of aggressive responses made by children of different ages might be recorded. Such observations also provide a baseline for judging the effectiveness of behaviour modification techniques.
What is a behavioral assessment?
the systematic study and evaluation of an individual’s behavior using a wide variety of techniques
, including direct observation, interviews, and self-monitoring.
Why are behavioral observations important?
As social creatures and “informal scientists,” we rely upon observations of behavior
to understand current social experiences and predict future social events
. In fact, direct observation of behavior is one of the most important strategies we use to process our social world.
What is an example of an objective measure used by functionalist?
Terms in this set (10) Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?
I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don’t like.
In which school of psychology is the mental process viewed as a flow of consciousness that Cannot be broken down any further?
Structuralism also believes that the mind could be dissected into its individual parts, which then formed conscious experience. This also received criticism from
the Gestalt school of psychology
, which argues that the mind cannot be broken down into individual elements.
Which school of thought in psychology is only concerned with what can be observed and measured?
Behaviorism
. Behaviorism was the school of thought in psychology that sought to measure only observable behaviors.
What emphasizes the role that thoughts play in determining behavior?
The cognitive perspective
emphasizes the role that thoughts play in determining behavior.
Is a psychological perspective that emphasizes measuring observable actions?
Biopsychosocial theory
is a psychological perspective that emphasizes observable actions over internal mental processes.
Which approach emphasizes the importance of observing individuals actions and not the mental process?
Social learning theory
, proposed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the importance of observing, modelling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. Social learning theory considers how both environmental and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and behavior.
Can be measured only by its effects on matter quizlet?
Energy
: Can be measured only by its effects on matter. Matter: Anything that occupies space and has mass.
What are the 4 types of observation?
There are several different approaches to observational research including
naturalistic observation, participant observation, structured observation, case studies
, and archival research.
What is anything that occupies space and has mass?
Matter
is anything that has mass and takes up space.
What do these four elements have in common?
What do these four elements have in common? They all have
an incomplete valence electron shell
.
What is quantitative observation?
Quantitative observation implies
an objective collection of data for analysis based on their numerical and statistical attributes
. This observation involves the depiction of obtained variables in terms of their quantity. The primary focus is on numbers and values.
What are types of observation?
- Anecdotal Records. This observation is usually recorded after the event has occurred and written in past tense. …
- Running Records. …
- Learning Stories. …
- Jottings. …
- Sociograms. …
- Time Samples. …
- Event Samples. …
- Photographs.
What is measuring personality?
Personality tests
are techniques designed to measure one’s personality. They are used to diagnose psychological problems as well as to screen candidates for college and employment. There are two types of personality tests: self-report inventories and projective tests.
How do you observe extraversion?
- Warmth.
- Novelty- and excitement-seeking.
- Gregariousness.
- Assertiveness.
- Cheerfulness.
- Talkativeness.
- Enjoying being the center of attention.
- Action-oriented.
What is observation methodology?
The observation method is described as
a method to observe and describe the behavior of a subject
. As the name suggests, it is a way of collecting relevant information and data by observing.
What are the 3 types of assessment?
- Type 1 – Assessment of Learning. Assessment of learning summarises what students know, understand and can do at specific points in time. …
- Type 2 – Assessment as learning. …
- Type 3 – Assessment for learning.
What are some examples of observation?
A doctor watching a patient after administering an injection
.
An astronomer looking at the night sky and recording data regarding the movement and brightness of the objects
he sees. A zoologist watching lions in a den after prey is introduced to determine the swiftness of the animals’ response.
What are observed behaviors?
Behavioral observation is
the systematic recording of behavior by an external observer
. … For example, nursing staff in a hospital setting might record the number of times that a patient yells or acts aggressively so that the effects of a behavioral management program can be evaluated.
What is observing and reporting?
The process involves
observing a child, making notes
, and putting everything together in a report.
What is a functional assessment?
Functional assessments have become an integral part of the comprehensive rehabilitation medicine evaluation. … Functional assessment
measures an individual’s level of function and ability to perform specific tasks on a safe and dependable basis over a defined period
.
What type of information can behavioral observations provide?
Most methods of behavioral observation provide
quantitative and objective data
that can be used to determine current levels of behavior, to set goals for behavioral improvement, and to measure change following intervention plans.
What is psychology concerned with?
Psychology is the
study of mind and behavior
. It encompasses the biological influences, social pressures, and environmental factors that affect how people think, act, and feel.
Which school of thought in psychology advocated the study of thinking learning and perception in whole units?
Not unlike behaviorism, Gestalt emerged in opposition to both structuralism and functionalism, though in contrast to behaviorism,
Gestalt psychology
admitted the existence of consciousness and advocated the study of such as a whole entity rather than reducing it to elemental analysis.
What is the term psychologists use for any mental process one Cannot see touch or measure directly?
Cognitive activities are mental processes, such as dreams, perceptions, thoughts, and memories. Researchers use
psychological contructs
to describe things that cannot be seen, touched, or measured directly.
What do functionalist psychologists focus?
Functionalists sought to explain mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner. Rather than focusing on the elements of consciousness, functionalists focused on the
purpose of consciousness and behavior
. Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education.
What is the purpose of functionalism?
functionalism, in social sciences, theory based on the premise that
all aspects of a society—institutions, roles, norms, etc.
—serve a purpose and that all are indispensable for the long-term survival of the society.
Which of the following defines hypothesis?
In science, a hypothesis is
an idea or explanation that you then test through study and experimentation
. Outside science, a theory or guess can also be called a hypothesis. A hypothesis is something more than a wild guess but less than a well-established theory.
Which perspective examines internal mental processes as well as the person’s point of view?
The Cognitive Perspective
Cognitive psychology
is the school of psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language. “Cognition” refers to thinking and memory processes, and “cognitive development” refers to long-term changes in these processes.
What occurs when a subject’s mental process was confused with the observed object or stimulus itself?
Illusions
are special perceptual experiences in which information arising from “real” external stimuli leads to an incorrect perception, or false impression, of the object or event from which the stimulation comes.
What is the school of psychology that studies the elements of consciousness the idea is that conscious experience can be broken down into basic conscious elements?
Structuralism
was founded by Wilhelm Wundt, who used controlled methods, such as introspection, to break down consciousness to its basic elements without sacrificing any of the properties of the whole.
What school of thought in psychology is only concerned with what can be observed and measured?
Behaviorism
. Behaviorism was the school of thought in psychology that sought to measure only observable behaviors.
Do researchers use psychological constructs to describe things that Cannot be seen touched or measured directly?
Researchers use psychological constructs to describe things that cannot be seen, touched, or measured directly. … Psychologists can use psychological constructs to learn about aspects of human behavior that cannot be measured.
