What effect did the administration of estrogen injections have on he estrogen treated rat? 1. Predict Question 2: What effect will the estrogen injections have on the estrogen-treated rat’s vertebral bone density? Your answer: The estrogen injections will
increase the rat’s vertebral bone density
(indicated by a less-negative T score).
What effect will the estrogen injections have on the estrogen treated rat?
1. Predict Question 2: What effect will the estrogen injections have on the estrogen-treated rat’s vertebral bone density? Your answer: The estrogen injections will
increase the rat’s vertebral bone density
(indicated by a less-negative T score).
What effect will the calcitonin injections have on the estrogen treated rat?
What effect will the calcitonin injections have on the calcitonin-treated rat’s vertebral bone density?
The calcitonin injections will not change the rat’s vertebral bone density
(indicated by an unchanging T score). a placebo on bone density. osteoporosis was evident prior to the injections of estrogen.
What was the effect of PTU injections on the Thyroidectomized rat?
The effect of PTU injections on the thyroidectomized rat was
not visible
because there was no thyroid gland to be affected.
What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the Thyroidectomized rat?
What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the hypophysectomized rat’s BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat’s BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right? It
raised the metabolic rate but not as high as the thyroidectomized or normal rats
.
What effect will the estrogen injections?
Estrogen injections tend to cause very high and fluctuating estrogen levels which can cause
mood swings, weight gain, hot flashes, anxiety or migraines
. Additionally, little is known about the effects of these high levels over the long term.
What do you think will happen to the metabolic rates of the rats after you inject them with PTU?
Predict Q 1.4: What do you think will happen to the metabolic rates of the rats after you inject them with PTU?
The normal rat will become hypothyroidic and develop a goiter.
What effect will the saline injections have on the control rats vertebral bone density quizlet?
The saline injections will
not change
the rat’s vertebral bone density (indicated by an unchanging T score).
What are the health risks of estrogen hormone replacement therapy?
Stroke, blood clots, and heart attack
.
Women who took either combined hormone therapy or estrogen alone had an increased risk of stroke, blood clots, and heart attack (1, 2). For women in both groups, however, this risk returned to normal levels after they stopped taking the medication (3, 4).
Why did the metabolic rates differ between the normal rat and the surgically altered rats How well did the results compare with your prediction?
The metabolic rates differed between the normal rat and the surgically altered rats because
the surgically altered rats could not produce specific hormones (t4 and TSH) since they no longer have either a thyroid or pituitary gland
.
What do you think would happen after you inject thyroxine into the three rats?
Predict Question 2: What do you think will happen after you inject thyroxine into the three rats? Your answer:
The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter
.
Would a thyroxine injection increase or decrease the BMR of a hypophysectomized rat?
The effect of thyroxine injections on the hypophysectomized rat was an
increased BMR
.
What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the hypophysectomized rat BMR?
what was the effect of thyroxine injections on the mormal rat’s BMR? The hypophysectomized rat bmr
increased with tsh
. the bmr was just below the normal rat but still lower the syringe amount was a little too low.
Why do normal rats develop a palpable goiter after an injection of TSH?
Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the TSH injection? You correctly answered:
The TSH receptors on the thyroid gland were excessively stimulated
.
Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with thyroxine explain?
The
hypophysectomized rat
will become hypothyroidic and develop a goiter. Which of the rats did not develop a goiter after injection with TSH? the thyroidectomized rat.
What hormone is a hypophysectomized rat missing and how does this affect their metabolic rate?
hormones missing will be
triiodothyronine and thyroxine
. For the hypophysectomized rat, the TSH will be missing due to the missing pituitary gland. hyperthyroidic because the thyroxine increases the metabolic rate but it did not develop goiter.
What happens if you inject too much estrogen?
Excessive vaginal bleeding (2 to 7 days after overdose) Fluid retention
.
Headache
.
Nausea and vomiting
.
What happens when you start taking estrogen?
Feminizing hormone therapy helps male-to-female transgender individuals (transwomen) achieve a more feminine appearance. It uses anti-androgens to block male hormones. Taking estrogen and progestin helps you develop breasts, softer skin, rounder hips and more.
What does estrogen hormone do?
In females, it
helps develop and maintain both the reproductive system and female characteristics
, such as breasts and pubic hair. Estrogen contributes to cognitive health , bone health, the function of the cardiovascular system , and other essential bodily processes.
What treatment would you give a Thyroidectomized rat so that it functions like a normal rat?
How would you treat a thyroidectomized animal so that it functions like a “normal” animal?
Provide the animal T4 supplements
. As a result of the missing hormone(s) in the hypophysectimized rat, what would be some expected symptoms?
Why did the metabolic rates differ between the rats in Physioex 4?
Your answer: The metabolic rates differed between the normal rat and the surgically altered rats in the fact that
the normal rat had a higher BMR than the others
. This is due to the fact that the normal rat has the pituitary and thyroid glands to stimulate as well as regulate the release of the thyroid hormones.
The most common indirect method is to measure gas input and output.
Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are used as an indirect measure of metabolic rate
. This works because oxygen is used to break down food during cellular respiration, whilst water, carbon dioxide and energy are produced.
What happens to the rat’s vertebral bone density with saline injections?
The saline injections
will not change
the rat’s vertebral bone density (indicated by an unchanging T score).
Which of the following improved the vertebral bone density of the rats?
Parathyroid hormone
(1-34) increases vertebral bone mass, compressive strength, and quality in old rats.
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the production of thyroxine and TSH quizlet?
Hypothalamus
stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce TSH, which stimulates the Thyroid gland to produce thyroxine
.
Why does estrogen increase stroke risk?
During pregnancy estrogen levels steadily climb and increases production of clotting factors
, which may account for the increased risk of stroke in women in the peripartum period [108, 109].
Does estrogen increase breast size?
When the ovaries start to produce and release (secrete) estrogen, fat in the connective tissue starts to collect. This causes the breasts to enlarge
.
Does estrogen replacement cause weight gain?
Although it is a common belief that HRT inevitably causes weight gain,
available evidence suggests that this is not true
.
Which hormone would be missing in blood of a hypophysectomized rat?
If an animal has been hypophysectomized, what effect would you expect to see in the hormone levels in its body?
TSH
levels will be missing because the pituitary gland is removed, so decreased metabolic rate.
What is your hypothesis for this experiment recall how administering PTU?
What is your hypothesis for this experiment? Recall how administering PTU
affects the body’s ability to regulate its metabolic rate
. Thyroid hormone is a key component in temperature regulation. Without thyroid hormone, the body must rely more on shivering for temperature regulation.
What is the effect of thyroxine quizlet?
What does thyroxine do? – it
controls the basal metabolic rate of your body
. – how quickly substances are broken down and made up.
What happens when thyroxine is too low?
Slowed heart rate
. Depression. Impaired memory. Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
What do you think will happen to the metabolic rates of the rats after you inject them with PTU?
Predict Q 1.4: What do you think will happen to the metabolic rates of the rats after you inject them with PTU?
The normal rat will become hypothyroidic and develop a goiter.
What was the effect of PTU injections on the normal rats BMR Why did this rat develop a palpable goiter?
The effect of PTU injections on the normal rat was to
decrease the BMR
. The palpable goiter was due to the buildup of the precursors to thyroxine.
What was the effect of TSH injections on the normal rats BMR?
TSH injections
increased the normal rat’s metabolic rate
. Why? Because high TSH stimulated more thyroid hormone to be released, which in turn increased the metabolic rate.
Why were ovariectomized rats used in this experiment?
Ovariectomized rats were used in this experiment
to ensure control over the hormones in the rats
. Without the ovaries, the rats were not able to produce estrogen, and therefore had low baseline T scores already, since estrogen stimulates bone growth and protects against osteoprosis.
