6) When people are asked to recall a list of words they had earlier memorized, they often substitute synonyms for some of the words on the original list. This best illustrates the effects of:
implicit memory
.
When asked to recall a list of 25 words participants are likely to remember only some of them the words they can recall are likely to include?
When asked to recall a list of 25 words, participants are likely to remember only some of them. The words they can recall are likely to include:
the first and the last few words on the list.
When you recall the first items on a long list best that is called what?
The improved recall of words at the beginning of the list is called
the primacy effect
; that at the end of the list, the recency effect. This recency effect exists even when the list is lengthened to 40 words.
When given a list of items to remember you are more likely to remember?
For example, if you are trying to memorize a list of items,
the recency effect
means you are more likely to recall the items from the list that you studied last. This is one component of the serial position effect, a phenomenon in which the position of items on a list influences how well those items are recalled.
What is the term for getting information out of memory?
The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as
retrieval
. … Recall is what we most often think about when we talk about memory retrieval: it means you can access information without cues. For example, you would use recall for an essay test.
Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?
The part of the brain that is affected when one is unable recognize basic objects around the house is
Hippocampus
. The Hippocampus is part of the limbic system in the brain responsible for emotions and memory, specifically long-term memory.
What are the three stages of memory?
Psychologists distinguish between three necessary stages in the learning and memory process:
encoding, storage, and retrieval
(Melton, 1963). Encoding is defined as the initial learning of information; storage refers to maintaining information over time; retrieval is the ability to access information when you need it.
What are the 4 types of memory?
- working memory.
- sensory memory.
- short-term memory.
- long-term memory.
How do you trigger old memories?
Read an old letter, personal journal, or newspaper article. Listen to an old song that you or someone in your family loved.
Cook a meal your mom or dad
used to make for you. Smell something that may jog your memory, like a book, pillow, perfume, or food.
What is the difference between recalling and remembering?
Remember may mean “to bring to mind or think of again,”
recall
“to bring back to mind,” and recollect “to bring back to the level of conscious awareness.” There are circumstances in which any of these three words are interchangeable with any of the others, and other circumstances in which one or more of these words …
When given a list of items to remember people tend to do better at recalling the first items on the list?
For example, when participants are given a long list of items to remember in an immediate memory task, they tend to remember best the items listed first on the list (
primacy effect
) and the items listed last on the list (recency effect). 1.
Why do we tend to remember the first and last items in a list?
Why it happens
The serial position effect occurs because of a combination of the primacy effect and the recency effect. The primary effect makes it easier to remember items at the beginning of a list because it
is easy to process and it gets stored
in our long-term memory.
What are the two primary tasks of short-term memory?
Short-term memory has two primary tasks:
to store new information briefly and to work on that (and other) information
. Short-term memory is sometimes called working memory, to emphasize the active or working component of this memory system (Aben, Stapert, & Blokland, 2012; Nairne, 2003).
What are the 2 ways we encode information?
Compare and contrast the two ways in which we encode information. Information is
encoded through automatic or effortful processing
. Automatic processing refers to all information that enters long-term memory without conscious effort.
What are the two types of long-term memory?
There are two types of long-term memory:
declarative or explicit memory and non-declarative or implicit memory
. Explicit memory refers to information that can be consciously evoked. There are two types of declarative memory: episodic memory and semantic memory.
What is short-term memory span?
Duration. Most of the information kept in short-term memory will be stored for
approximately 20 to 30 seconds
, but it can be just seconds if rehearsal or active maintenance of the information is prevented.
