What factors affect the infiltration of water into the ground?
- Precipitation. Precipitation can impact infiltration in many ways. …
- Soil characteristics. The porosity of soils is critical in determining the infiltration capacity. …
- Soil moisture content. …
- Organic materials in soils. …
- Land cover. …
- Slope.
How does temperature affect infiltration?
The governing factor affecting hydraulic conductivity and, subsequently, infiltration rate is temperature; with
higher rates occurring during warmer periods, affecting the infiltration rate by as much as 56%
.
What causes infiltration in the water cycle?
Infiltration happens
when water soaks into the soil from the ground level
. It moves underground and moves between the soil and rocks. Some of the water will be soaked up by roots to help plants grow. The plant’s leaves eventually release the water into the air through the plant’s pours as waste.
What 5 components control infiltration capacity?
Soil water infiltration is controlled by the
rate and duration of water application, soil physical properties, slope, vegetation, and surface roughness
.
How does slope affect infiltration?
The results show that, under the condition of equal horizontal projective lengths so that all slopes receive the same amount of rainfall,
infiltration increases with increasing slope gradients
and runoff decreases.
Many previous studies have shown that land use patterns are the main factors influencing soil infiltration. Thus, increasing soil infiltration and reducing runoff are crucial for soil and water conservation, especially in semi-arid environments.
When infiltration is unable to replace groundwater as quickly as pumping removes it,
the water table drops
. Deeper wells could be dug to chase the table, but then the water table will just drop even further.
The governing factor affecting hydraulic conductivity, and subsequently, infiltration rate is temperature; with
higher rates occurring during warmer periods, affecting the infiltration rate by as much as 56%
.
Forest and other vegetation cover
slow the surface runoff and replenish underground water. Water harvesting is another method to save surface runoff. The canals used for irrigating field should be properly lined to minimise losses by water seepage.
As the temperature rises the evaporation rate of soil moisture increases
. The increased soil moisture evaporation helps cool the ground. In physics, when things expand they cool their surroundings.
The steeper the slope and the less rapid the water infiltration rate, the more rapid the water runoff rate for a given soil
. Soils having granular structure and high porosity have slower water runoff rates than do soils with massive structure and low porosity.
As the rainfall continues and the storage in the upper soil layer is filled, the infiltration rate will be limited by the percolation rate of a lower soil layer.
When the rate of rainfall exceeds the infiltration rate, the excess water will start flowing over the soil surface, and runoff begins
.
Terms in this set (32)
The steeper the slope
, the less infiltration and more runoff. The greater the soil is saturated with water, the less infiltration and the more runoff. The more permeably the ground, the more water that can infiltrate and the less runoff.
The infiltration rate generally
increases with increasing salinity
and decreases with either decreasing salinity or increasing sodium content relative to calcium and magnesium – the sodium adsorption ratio.
Soil water infiltration is controlled by the
rate and duration of water application, soil physical properties, slope, vegetation, and surface roughness
.
- Direct rainfall over the stream:-
- Surface runoff or overland flow: –
- Subsurface flow or interflow:–
- Base flow, groundwater flow or Dry weather flow:-
