What does Frankfurt say about moral responsibility? Frankfurt’s Principle of Alternative Possibilities and Moral Responsibility states that, “
A person is morally responsible for what he has done only if he could have done otherwise
” (Frank- furt 159).
What do the Frankfurt cases prove?
However, the point of the Frankfurt case is to show that
if Jones were to decide not to kill Smith, Black would force him to do so
. Black’s presence eliminates alternative options besides deciding to kill Smith. Condition (A) would now make it so that the decision not to kill Smith is an option.
What does Frankfurt say about free will?
Do you think that Jones is morally responsible in the Black case?
Why does Frankfurt think that the principle of alternate possibilities is false?
What do Frankfurt cases express about the nature of free will and moral responsibility?
He states that, “It is natural enough to say of a person who has been coerced to do something that he could not have done oth- erwise” (160). Frankfurt makes the point that
a person who is unable to do otherwise should sometimes still be morally responsible for his actions even though he had no other alterna- tive
.
Does Frankfurt show that moral responsibility does not depend on free will?
A link between moral responsibility and free will. Why, although Frankfurt describes his argument as one which shows that
one can be morally responsible even if one could not have done otherwise
, it can be also plausibly taken to show that one can act freely even if one could not have done otherwise.
What is moral responsibility?
Moral responsibility is
about human action and its intentions and consequences
(Fisher 1999, Eshleman 2016). Generally speaking a person or a group of people is morally responsible when their voluntary actions have morally significant outcomes that would make it appropriate to blame or praise them.
What is a person according to Frankfurt?
What is it to be a person? Frankfurt argues that
the difference between a person and an animal (human or otherwise) which is not a person is a difference in the structure of will
.
What are Frankfurt type examples intended to demonstrate?
Frankfurt-type examples are intended to show that
true moral responsibility is possible even if the agent has no genuine alternatives
.
What is moral responsibility example?
Which principle states that a person is morally responsible for an action only if she could have done otherwise?
What are the three elements of moral responsibility?
- Freedom, Responsibility, and Determinism. How is the responsible agent related to her actions; what power does she exercise over them? …
- Some Approaches to Moral Responsibility. This section discusses three important approaches to responsibility. …
- Contemporary Debates. 3.1 The “Faces” of Responsibility.
Does moral responsibility require free will?
without free will there is no moral responsibility
: if moral responsibility exists, then someone is morally responsible for something he has done or for something he has left undone; to be morally responsible for some act or failure to act is at least to be able to have acted otherwise, whatever else it may involve; to …
What is Frankfurt claim about freedom quizlet?
Frankfurt makes a distinction between freedom of action and freedom of will
. Freedom of action is the freedom to do what one wants to do. Freedom of will is the freedom to want what one wants to want. Frankfurt also describes freedom of will as the conformity of one’s will to one’s second-order volitions.
What is frankfurts counterexample to libertarianism?
Frankfurt’s original example was typically seen as a straightforward counterexample to
any principle which says that alternative possibilities are a necessary condition of moral responsibility
. Frankfurt’s stated target, PAP, is an example of one such principle, but there are many others.
What is the relationship between freedom and moral responsibility?
What does Frankfurt argue about?
Do you think determinism and free will are reconcilable?
What do Incompatibilists believe about free will?
Incompatibilists hold that
free will and determinism are mutually exclusive
and, consequently, that we act freely (i.e., with free will) only if determinism is false. However, they disagree amongst themselves about what else, besides indeterminism, is required for free will.
Why is moral responsibility important?
Who came up with moral responsibility?
First proposed by the American philosopher
Roderick Chisholm
(1916–99) in his seminal paper “Human Freedom and the Self” (1964), these theories hold that free actions are caused by the agent himself rather than by some prior event or state of affairs.
Who was the first to discuss moral responsibility?
What is first order desire Frankfurt?
Frankfurt identifies a person’s will with their effective desires. Second: Distinguish, amongst your desires, between first order desires and second order desires. A first order desire is
a desire for anything other than a desire
; a second order desire is a desire for a desire.
Which of the following best describes a wanton for Frankfurt?
Which of the following best characterizes Waton’s criticism of Frankfurt?
Someone who cannot form second-order volitions
. One who is concerned with determinism might have the following worry about the deep-self view. An action that issues from one’s evaluative judgments.
Do animals have free will?
The idea may simply require “free will” to be redefined, but tests show that
animal behaviour is neither completely constrained nor completely free
. The paper, in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, suggests animals always have a range of options available to them.
What does Frankfurt mean when he uses the term second order volition?
Why does Frankfurt reject PAP?
Frankfurt rejects PAP in favor of the following principle: Frankfurt’s Replacement of PAP (call it ‘PAP+’):
A person is morally responsible for what s/he has done only if (a) s/he could have done otherwise, or (b) s/he could NOT have done otherwise, but s/he does not act SOLELY for this reason
.
Do Compatibilists believe in determinism?
How does Aristotle define moral responsibility?
Who is Aristotle in relation of moral responsibility?
Aristotle’s view of moral responsibility is
similar to Plato’s in that it concentrates on the role of knowledge in taking the proper course of action
. But Aristotle’s account is much more powerful than Plato’s, primarily due to the conceptual distinctions that Aristotle makes throughout his philosophical writings.
Does Frankfurt believe in determinism?
What do Incompatibilists believe about free will?
Incompatibilists hold that
free will and determinism are mutually exclusive
and, consequently, that we act freely (i.e., with free will) only if determinism is false. However, they disagree amongst themselves about what else, besides indeterminism, is required for free will.
What does Frankfurt mean by second order volition?
But
when a person does want the first order desire to be effective, when they want it to be their will
, Frankfurt calls this a second order volition. Some creatures have no second order volitions. Frankfurt calls such creatures wantons.
What is the libertarian argument for free will?
Libertarians believe that
free will is incompatible with causal determinism
, and agents have free will. They therefore deny that causal determinism is true. There are three major categories of libertarians. Event-causal libertarians believe that free actions are indeterministically caused by prior events.
