The primary, or P, waves travel
most quickly
and are the first to be registered by the seismograph. Secondary, or S, waves travel more slowly. As S waves have a greater amplitude than P waves the two groups are easily distinguishable on the seismogram.
Do P waves travel fast or slow?
P waves travel fastest
and are the first to arrive from the earthquake. In S or shear waves, rock oscillates perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. In rock, S waves generally travel about 60% the speed of P waves, and the S wave always arrives after the P wave.
How long does it take P waves to travel to a seismogram?
We know the P wave travel time:
5 minutes and 40 seconds
.
Where do seismic P waves travel through?
P waves cause the ground to compress and expand, that is, to move back and forth, in the direction of travel. They are called primary waves because they are the first type of wave to arrive at seismic recording stations. P waves can travel through
solids, liquids, and even gases
.
Which describe the motion of P waves?
Seismic P waves are also called compressional or longitudinal waves, they
compress and expand (oscillate) the ground back and forth in the direction of travel
, like sound waves that move back and forth as the waves travel from source to receiver.
Where do P waves travel the fastest?
Generally, p-wave velocity increases with depth and increases with increasing rigidity of a material. Therefore p-waves travel fastest through
the solid, iron inner core of Earth
.
What instrument recorded the information from the P and S wave arrival times?
The arrival times of the P- and S-waves at
different seismographs
are used to determine the location of the earthquake.
Where do P waves travel the fastest upper mantle or lower mantle?
Because the earth’s mantle becomes more rigid and compressible as the depth below the asthenosphere increases, P-waves travel faster as they go
deeper in the mantle
.
Why do P waves travel faster?
P-waves and S-waves are body waves that propagate through the planet. P-waves travel 60% faster than S-waves on average because
the interior of the Earth does not react the same way to both of them
. P-waves are compression waves that apply a force in the direction of propagation.
How do you read a seismograph?
The seismogram is “read” like a book,
from left to right and top to bottom
(this is the direction that time increases). As with a book, the right end of any horizontal line “connects” with the left end of the line below it. Each line represents 15 minutes of data; four lines per hour.
What does a seismogram measure?
A seismogram is
the recording of the ground shaking at the specific location of the instrument
. On a seismogram, the HORIZONTAL axis = time (measured in seconds) and the VERTICAL axis= ground displacement (usually measured in millimeters).
How are epicenters determined?
Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake.
When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects
. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions.
What kind of seismic wave hits the seismograph first?
P- and S-waves
(body waves)
P-waves always reach seismometers first simply because they travel quicker than S-waves. They travel at speeds of around 6 to 14 kilometres per second on average, and can cross any material, whether solid or liquid. The denser the material, the faster they travel.
What does P in a P wave mean?
Answer. The P wave represents
atrial depolarization
. The normal P wave morphology is upright in leads I, II, and aVF, but it is inverted in lead aVR.
How do Rayleigh waves travel?
Rayleigh waves travel
along the free surface of an elastic solid such as the Earth
. Their motion is a combination of longitudinal compression and dilation that results in an elliptical motion…
What type of wave is P waves?
P Waves. P waves are
compressional waves
that do not produce much damage. They can move through any type of material and travel at almost twice the speed of S waves.
What is shown on the seismogram at this time?
Seismograms are used to determine
the location and magnitude of earthquakes
. An earthquake’s magnitude may be considered to vary as a function of the amount of energy released at the rupture point.
What order do the three types of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph?
In what order do the three types of of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph?
P waves would arrive first because they travel the fastest, followed by S waves and then surface waves
. Surface wave can make the ground roll like ocean waves.
Which waves arrived last in seismograph?
The slowest waves,
surface waves
, arrive last. They travel only along the surface of the Earth. There are two types of surface waves: Love and Rayleigh waves.
What do P waves do when they travel from a solid to a liquid?
P Waves are compressional which means they move through (compress) a solid or liquid by
pushing or pulling
similar to the way sound travels through the air. The particles of the material a P Wave pushes through move in the direction of the P wave’s energy. This is called the direction of wave propagation.
Do P waves travel through the mantle?
4. Figure 19.2a:
P-waves generally bend outward as they travel through the mantle
due to the increased density of mantle rocks with depth. When P-waves strike the outer core, however, they bend downward when traveling through the outer core and bend again when they leave.
What is seismograph and seismogram?
The terms seismograph and seismometer are often used interchangeably; however, whereas both devices may detect and measure seismic waves, only a seismograph possesses the capacity to record the phenomena.
A record produced by a seismograph on a display screen or paper printout is called a seismogram
.
What does seismograph look like?
What is a seismograph quizlet?
A seismograph is
an instrument that records and measures the details of an earthquake
. How does a seismograph record seismic waves? A seismograph records data using a seismogram.
Do P waves travel faster through solids or liquids?
There are two types of body waves:
P-waves travel fastest and through solids, liquids, and gases
; S-waves only travel through solids.
How do S waves and P waves travel through Earth’s interior?
S waves, or secondary waves, are the second waves to arrive during an earthquake. They are much slower than P waves and
can travel only through solids
. It is after studying the trajectory of S waves through the layers of earth, scientists were able to conclude that the earth’s outer core is liquid.
Which materials do P waves go through?
These waves oscillate particles parallel to the direction of the wave propagation (they stretch and squeeze like a worm.) It can travel through
solids (crust, mantle and inner core) and liquids (outer core)
at varying speeds.
