Extremely stable bonds link the second and third phosphate groups. It releases energy when one phosphate group leaves ATP.
Which of the following is a true statement about the ATP molecule?
The true statement about ATP is: ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups.
Which of the following occurs when a phosphate group transfers to a molecule or compound?
ATP is able to power cellular processes by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule (a process called phosphorylation). This transfer is carried out by special enzymes that couple the release of energy from ATP to cellular activities that require energy.
Which of the following pieces of evidence would suggest that a substance entered a cell via active rather than passive transport?
Which of the following pieces of evidence would suggest that a substance entered a cell via active rather than passive transport? ... The substance moved across the membrane via a pump. #3. ATP was required for transport.
Which of the following is true an enzyme’s function depends on its three-dimensional shape?
The correct answer is a. An enzyme’s function depends on its three-dimensional shape.
Does ATP store energy in phosphate bonds?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores energy in its high energy phosphate bonds . ... During cellular respiration, energy in food is converted into chemical energy that can be used by cells. This chemical energy is stored in the pyrophosphate bond, which lies between the last two phosphate groups of ATP.
When ATP loses a phosphate energy is released and phosphates?
Energy is stored in the links between the phosphate groups. Enzymes can detach one or two of the phosphate groups liberating the stored energy and fueling activities such as muscle contraction. When ATP loses one phosphate group it becomes ADP or adenosine diphosphate .
Would adding another phosphate group to ATP make it more stable?
ATP donates its phosphate group to another molecule via a process known as phosphorylation. The phosphorylated molecule is at a higher-energy state and is less stable than its unphosphorylated form, and this added energy from the addition of the phosphate allows the molecule to undergo its endergonic reaction.
What happens to the phosphate group when ATP is converted to ADP?
When one phosphate group is removed by breaking a phosphoanhydride bond in a process called hydrolysis , energy is released, and ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Likewise, energy is also released when a phosphate is removed from ADP to form adenosine monophosphate (AMP).
What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?
The type of reaction that breaks the bond that join the phosphate group in an ATP molecule is known as a hydrolysis reaction .
Which molecule is most likely to passively diffuse across the plasma membrane?
The molecule most likely to be involved in simple diffusion is water – it can easily pass through cell membranes.
What is different between active and passive transport?
In Active transport the molecules are moved across the cell membrane, pumping the molecules against the concentration gradient using ATP (energy). In Passive transport, the molecules are moved within and across the cell membrane and thus transporting it through the concentration gradient, without using ATP (energy).
In primary active transport, the energy is derived directly from the breakdown of ATP . ... In the secondary active transport, the energy is derived secondarily from energy that has been stored in the form of ionic concentration differences between the two sides of a membrane.
Does an enzyme’s function depends upon its three dimensional structure?
An enzyme’s function depends on its three-dimensional shape . Enzymes are very specific for certain substrates. Enzymes emerge unchanged from the reactions they catalyze. Enzymes are used up when they catalyze a chemical reaction, so must be synthesized for each new chemical reaction.
What are the names of the substances that plug up an enzyme’s active site?
The correct answer: Substances that plug up an enzyme’s active site are C. enzyme inhibitors . The active site of the enzyme is the substrate-binding...
How does inhibition of an enzyme catalyzed reaction by a competitive inhibitor differ from?
How does inhibition of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by a competitive inhibitor differ from inhibition by a noncompetitive inhibitor? Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme ; noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site.
Where does the energy come from that is used to attach a 3rd phosphate to ADP?
Energy derived from glucose catabolism is used to convert ADP into ATP. When ATP is used in a reaction, the third phosphate is temporarily attached to a substrate in a process called phosphorylation.
When the third phosphate group was added to this molecule during cellular respiration energy was?
The energy released is used by the cell to do work. During cellular respiration, ATP is produced by the addition of a third phosphate group to ADP molecules .
What is ATP called after it loses its 3rd phosphate group?
When the terminal (third) phosphate is cut loose, ATP becomes ADP (Adenosine diphosphate; di= two) , and the stored energy is released for some biological process to utilize.
When would a 3rd phosphate be removed from ATP?
When would a 3rd phosphate be removed from ATP? When a cell needs to perform a job .
Is ATP or ADP more stable?
The entropy, which is the level of disorder, of ADP is greater than that of ATP . ... This makes ATP a relatively unstable molecule because it will want to give away its phosphate groups, when given the chance, in order to become a more stable molecule. Resonance stabilization of ADP and of P i is greater than that of ATP.
Why does the phosphate end of ATP store energy?
When a phosphate group is pulled away during a chemical reaction, energy is released. Each phosphate group is negatively charged. Because like charges repel, the crowding of negative charge in the ATP tail contributes to the potential energy stored in ATP. You can compare this to storing energy by compressing a spring.
Why phosphate group is more stable than the ATP?
The answer lies in the charges on the polyphosphate chain . The triphosphate group has three to four negative charges, and the mutual repulsion of these charges makes the ATP molecule less stable than expected. The single- and double-bond structure of the phosphates drawn at the left is only schematic.
Which type of chemical reaction breaks the bonds between the second and third phosphate group in ATP to release energy?
ATP structure and hydrolysis
The energy released by hydrolysis (breakdown) of ATP is used to power many energy-requiring cellular reactions. Structure of ATP. At the center of the molecule lies a sugar (ribose), with the base adenine attached to one side and a string of three phosphates attached to the other.
How many phosphate bonds are responsible for the high energy content of ATP?
Two phosphoanhydride bonds (those that connect adjacent phosphates) in an ATP molecule are responsible for the high energy content of this molecule.
When a phosphate is lost and the ATP molecule is now ADP how many phosphates does ADP have?
Think of it as the “energy currency” of the cell. If a cell needs to spend energy to accomplish a task, the ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates , becoming ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate.
What enzyme breaks the bonds between phosphate groups?
An enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs. ATP hydrolysis is required for this process.
What type of reaction breaks bonds?
Breaking and making bonds
Bond-breaking is an endothermic process . Energy is released when new bonds form. Bond-making is an exothermic process. Whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic depends on the difference between the energy needed to break bonds and the energy released when new bonds form.
Which bond of the ATP molecule is broken in order to release energy?
The two bonds between the phosphates are equal high-energy bonds ( phosphoanhydride bonds ) that, when broken, release sufficient energy to power a variety of cellular reactions and processes.
Which of the following is true about the reaction of ADP and phosphate to form ATP?
Which of the following is true about the reaction of ADP and phosphate to form ATP? ... The reaction is endergonic . The reaction combines two products to form a reactant. Connecting ADP and P is endergonic, breaking ATP apart into ADP and P is exergonic.
How do ATP and ADP differ in number of ribose molecules?
ATP has three phosphate groups, whereas ADP has two phosphate groups on its ribose sugar.
Does secondary transport require ATP?
Secondary active transport (cotransport), on the other hand, uses an electrochemical gradient – generated by active transport – as an energy source to move molecules against their gradient, and thus does not directly require a chemical source of energy such as ATP .
Is ATP synthase secondary active transport?
Secondary active transport brings sodium ions, and possibly other compounds, into the cell. ... The potential energy that accumulates in the stored hydrogen ions is translated into kinetic energy as the ions surge through the channel protein ATP synthase, and that energy is used to convert ADP into ATP.
Is secondary active transport facilitated diffusion?
Secondary active transport is defined as the transport of a solute in the direction of its increasing electrochemical potential coupled to the facilitated diffusion of a second solute (usually an ion) in the direction of its decreasing electrochemical potential.
Which of the following would be least likely to diffuse through a cell membrane?
6. Which of the following is least likely to cross a cellular membrane by simple diffusion? ANSWER: B, POTASSIUM IONS ARE CHARGED AND DO NOT PASS AS READILY THROUGH THE LIPID BYLAYER AS DO NON-POLAR GASSES AND LIPIDS.
What is a common large molecule that uses facilitated diffusion to move across the cell membrane?
For glucose
Since glucose is a large molecule, its diffusion across a membrane is difficult. Hence, it diffuses across membranes through facilitated diffusion, down the concentration gradient.
What type of molecule is transported across the cell membrane during osmosis?
Osmosis is a type of simple diffusion in which water molecules diffuse through a selectively permeable membrane from areas of high water concentration to areas of lower water concentration.
Is ATP used in active transport?
During active transport, substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process is “active” because it requires the use of energy (usually in the form of ATP). It is the opposite of passive transport.
What are the 3 main differences between active and passive transport?
| Active Transport Passive Transport | Requires cellular energy. Does not require cellular energy. | It circulates from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration It circulates from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
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What determines an enzyme’s function?
An enzyme’s function is determined by its shape , each enzyme has one specific function.
What determines an enzyme’s function and how many functions does one enzyme have?
What determines an enzyme’s function, and how many functions does one enzyme have? An enzyme’s function is determined by its shape , and each enzyme has one specific function. What can affect the shape of an enzyme molecule? High temperatures or extreme pH values can affect an enzyme’s shape.
