All author names are given in the reference list entry
. When giving in-text citations for articles with more than three authors, only give the first author's surname, followed by ‘et al. ‘ [Call out: Note: the full stop after ‘et al. ‘]
If there are three or more authors,
list only the first author followed by the phrase et al.
(Latin for “and others”) in place of the subsequent authors' names.
Three to five authors: List all the authors the
first time you cite
the work: (Ackermann, Benjes-Small, Brainard, Smith, & Vassady, 2009). After the first time, use only the first author's name followed by et al.: (Ackermann et al., 2009). Six authors or more: Never use them all in the in-text citation.
- 2 Authors: Always cite both authors' names in-text everytime you reference them. Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) found…
- 6 or More Authors: If a document has six or more authors, simply provide the last name of the first author with “et al.” from the first citation to the last. Example: Thomas et al.
If you are dealing with a book that has more than three editors instead of authors,
insert the names of the editors into the place where the authors' names are now, followed by a comma and the word “eds
.” without the quotation marks (as per the example).
Only when a work has
six or more authors
should the first in-text citation consist of the first author followed by et al. With five or fewer authors, all the author surnames should be spelled out at first mention.
Works by two authors should
list the last names and first initials separated by an ampersand (&)
. These names should be followed by the date of publication enclosed in parentheses. If the work is a journal article, the title of the article should immediately follow the publication date.
NOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is
shortened to the first author's name followed by et al. and the year.
Citing an Author or Authors. A Work by Two Authors:
Name both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses each time you cite
the work. Use the word “and” between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses.
What is the preferred font and size for works consulted or a works cited?
Question Answer | What is the preferred font and size for Works consulted or a Works Cited? Times New Roman, 12 | What are the preferred margins for a Works Consulted or a Works Cited? Top, bottomn = 1 inch; Left, right = 1 inch | How is a Works Cited spaced? Doiuble-spaced (2.0) |
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No Author. If no author or creator is provided,
start the citation with the title of the source you are citing
instead. Use the first one, two, or three main words from the title, in either italics or in “quotation marks” (the same way it is written in your Works Cited list).
When a work has two authors, include them in the order they appear on the work, and invert the first author's name but write out the second author's name normally.
Works Cited Format
: First Author's Last Name, First Name, and Second Author's First Name Last Name. Title of Book.
Can you text et al?
The abbreviation “et al.” (meaning “and others”) is used to
shorten in-text citations with three or more authors
. … Only include the first author's last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).
List only the first author's name followed by “et al.”
in every citation, even the first, unless doing so would create ambiguity between different sources. In et al., et should not be followed by a period. … Since et al. is plural, it should always be a substitute for more than one name.
Specifically,
articles with one or two authors
include all names in every in-text citation; articles with three, four, or five authors include all names in the first in-text citation but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al.
- 2 Authors: Always cite both authors' names in-text everytime you reference them. Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) found…
- 6 or More Authors: If a document has six or more authors, simply provide the last name of the first author with “et al.” from the first citation to the last. Example: Thomas et al.