Does Harvard Referencing use et al?
“Et al.” is used in Harvard style to indicate that a source has four or more authors
. By using “et al.”, writers can also avoid having very long citations that list every single author.
How do you Harvard reference et al?
In the citation,
if a source has three or more authors, the name of the first author should be given, followed by the phrase “et al.”
Example citations: It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent (Jones et al., 2011). Jones et al.
In Harvard referencing, up to three author names are included in an in-text citation or reference list entry.
When there are four or more authors, include only the first, followed by ‘et al. ‘
Do you put et al in in-text citations Harvard?
If you are citing a source with two or three authors,
the surname of all of the authors should be listed in your in-text citation
. You should keep the names in the same order as they are in the source. The surname and initial(s) of all the authors should appear in the full reference for the source.
A Work by Three or More Authors
List only the first author's name followed by “et al.” in every citation, even the first, unless doing so would create ambiguity between different sources
. In et al., et should not be followed by a period.
How do you do Harvard style referencing?
Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) ‘Title of article', Title of Newspaper, Day and month, Page reference. Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) ‘Title of article', Title of Newspaper, Day and month, Page reference if available.
So it is important that you use the full stop at the end to complete the abbreviation. So
we use et al. to indicate that there are three or four more authors other than the first surname that is given
, e.g (Green et al., 2009). In this example we can go to the reference list to see the other authors.
APA in-text citations with multiple authors
If a work has two authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&) in a parenthetical citation or “and” in a narrative citation. If there are three or more authors,
only include the first author's last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”
.
Do you need to repeat in text citations Harvard?
It is best practice when citing the same source throughout a single paragraph to cite it in the first sentence where it is used, and while the source remains clear and unchanged i.e. you don't refer to another source,
do not repeat the citation
.
When should you use et al?
Using et al.
For sources with one, two, or three authors, list all author names in your in-text citations (whether footnotes or author-date)
. For sources with four or more authors, use the first name followed by “et al.” In your Chicago style reference list or bibliography, list up to 10 authors.
Provide all the authors' last names when you first refer to a document with 3-5 authors.
Only list the first author with the Latin abbreviation “et al.” for any subsequent references
. Example: Jones, Chavez, Jackson, and Chen (2010) duplicated…
Is it rude to use et al?
Et al., the abbreviation of et alii, is about as friendly as a flu shot. They don't fit well together.
The use of et al. is not standard in greetings
, so people will stumble over it, wondering whether they missed an important new rule somewhere.
Use the word “and” between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses
. In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name followed by “et al.” in the signal phrase or in parentheses. In et al., et should not be followed by a period.
What is Harvard style format?
The Harvard referencing style is
another popular style using the author-date system for in-text citations
. In-text citation: It consists mainly of the authors' last name and the year of publication (and page numbers if it is directly quoted) in round brackets placed within the text.
Is Harvard referencing APA or MLA?
The MLA citation format as depicted by the name is predominantly used in the realms of arts and humanities. The APA style is frequently used within the social sciences. However,
the Harvard referencing style is used in the humanities and natural or social sciences
.
When you have 3 or more authors, you only use the first author's surname in text, and abbreviate the rest of the list with “et al.” (Latin for “and others”). In your reference list, you list all of the authors (
up to 20
).
How do you write et al in a literature review?
Should et al be in italics Harvard?
Do I have to cite the same source multiple times Harvard?
To cite multiple works by the same author in the same year,
use lower-case letters after the publication date in your in-text citations
. This applies to any type of source including books, journal articles, tweets etc.
Why we use et al in reference citation?
One of these is the Latin phrase et al., an abbreviation meaning “and others.” It is used
to shorten lists of author names in text citations to make repeated referencing shorter and simpler
.
Do you use et al in APA 7?
In APA 7,
for a work with three or more authors, list the first author and “et al.” for all citations, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity
.
NOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is
shortened to the first author's name followed by et al. and the year
.
Is it professional to use et al?
The general rule is to use et al. to shorten the list of authors in your post or writing
. Academic citations and bibliographic lists are necessary to credit the information's source in your study or other text. Other citation styles even recommend footnotes.
Is et al professional?
Et al. means “and others”, and abbreviates people in a list, while etc. can be used to abbreviate almost anything. A period is always used after et al., since the term is used to abbreviate the Latin term “et alii.”
There are several rules, however, both formal and informal, that are required for proper usage of et al.
What can I use instead of et al?
How do you write the reference for et al?
The abbreviation “et al.” (meaning “and others”) is used to shorten APA in-text citations with three or more authors. Here's how it works:
Only include the first author's last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication
, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).
