The APA Style format for author names in reference list entries is
to provide the author's surname(s) followed by the initials of their given name(s)
. Example: Lee, C. L. (2017).
List by last names and initials; commas separate author names
. After the first 19 authors' names, use an ellipsis in place of the remaining author names. Then, end with the final author's name (do not place an ampersand before it). There should be no more than twenty names in the citation in total.
List by last names and initials; commas separate author names
. After the first 19 authors' names, use an ellipsis in place of the remaining author names. Then, end with the final author's name (do not place an ampersand before it). There should be no more than twenty names in the citation in total.
List
by last names and initials
; commas separate author names. After the first 19 authors' names, use an ellipsis in place of the remaining author names. Then, end with the final author's name (do not place an ampersand before it). There should be no more than twenty names in the citation in total.
Only when a work has
six or more authors
should the first in-text citation consist of the first author followed by et al. With five or fewer authors, all the author surnames should be spelled out at first mention.
In et al.,
et should not be followed by a period
. Only “al” should be followed by a period. Since et al. is plural, it should always be a substitute for more than one name. In the case that et al. would stand in for just one author, write the author's name instead.
Name both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses each time you cite the work.
Use the word “and” between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses
.
What is the correct way to format quotations longer than 40 words?
Place direct quotations
that are 40 words or longer in a free-standing block of typewritten lines and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same place you would begin a new paragraph.
What is full form of et al?
One of these is the Latin phrase et al., an abbreviation
meaning “and others
.” It is used to shorten lists of author names in text citations to make repeated referencing shorter and simpler.
For a work with
three or more authors
, include the name of only the first author plus “et al.” in every citation, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity.
Can et al be used for things?
Et al. is most commonly found
in scholarly writing
, especially when used to avoid having to list a number of different authors in a bibliography or footnote. You can use it when describing the people who came to a dinner party, but it may sound rather odd.
A Work by Two Authors: Name both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses each time you cite the work. … In subsequent citations,
only use the first author's last name followed by “et al.” in the
signal phrase or in parentheses. (Kernis et al., 1993) In et al., et should not be followed by a period.
NOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is shortened to
the first author's name followed by et al. and the year.
- 2 Authors: Always cite both authors' names in-text everytime you reference them. Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) found…
- 6 or More Authors: If a document has six or more authors, simply provide the last name of the first author with “et al.” from the first citation to the last. Example: Thomas et al.
When a book has two authors,
order the authors in the same way they are presented in the book
. Start by listing the first name that appears on the book in last name, first name format; subsequent author names appear in normal order (first name last name format).
