Since EIDs have important public health consequences, there is a major concern regarding where viruses came from. The general forces contributing to the emergence of EIDs fall into three categories: (1) viral factors, (2) human factors, and (3) ecological factors .
Why is it important to understand how the emerging and re emerging diseases are transmitted?
Understanding the infectious cycle is critical in order to identify accessible targets for control strategies (Figure 4). For example, direct person-to-person transmission may be inhibited by proper hygiene and sanitary conditions as well as education.
What is the difference between emerging and re emerging infectious diseases?
Emerging diseases are those whose incidence in humans has increased in thepast two decades, and re-emergence is the reappearance of a known disease aftera significant decline in incidence .
What are the factors affecting disease development?
Infectious disease cannot develop if any one of the following three basic conditions is lacking: (1) the proper environment, the most important environmental factors being the amount and frequency of rains or heavy dews, the relative humidity, and the air and soil temperatures, (2) the presence of a virulent pathogen, ...
How frequently do new diseases emerge?
TABLE 5-3. Dates of First Reports of Human Infection with Novel Pathogen Species. In summary, since 1980 new human pathogen species have been discovered at an average rate of over 3 per year .
What is a newly emerging re emerging disease?
Newly emerging infectious diseases, Re-emerging infectious diseases: reoccurrence or new outbreaks of old infectious diseases with important public health relevance , and. Emerging resistance: increasing resistance of infectious agents to antimicrobial substances.
How can good health practices be helpful in preventing emerging diseases?
- #1 Handle & Prepare Food Safely. Food can carry germs. ...
- #2 Wash Hands Often. ...
- #3 Clean & Disinfect Commonly Used Surfaces. ...
- #4 Cough and Sneeze into a Tissue or Your Sleeve. ...
- #5 Don’t Share Personal Items. ...
- #6 Get Vaccinated. ...
- #7 Avoid Touching Wild Animals. ...
- #8 Stay Home When Sick.
What are some examples of re emerging diseases?
Examples of this phenomenon include human disease associated with avian influenza viruses (especially highly pathogenic avian influenza A [H5N1] and avian influenza H7N9 18 , 64 ), severe disease due to adenovirus type 14, 65 and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.
What is the leading cause of the emergence of infectious diseases?
Population demographics are altered by population growth, migration, and differential mortality ; the unique interaction of these factors has contributed to the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases.
What are the factors affecting the development of disease in animals?
The predisposition to diseases could be classified to four basic factors which include: animal factor, environmental factor, client factor and sometimes veterinarian‟s factor .
What is the role of environmental factors in the development of the disease late blight of potato justify your statement with reference to the etiology of the pathogen?
Temperature and moisture are the most important environmental factors affecting late blight development . Sporangia are formed on the lower leaf surfaces (Figure 5) and infected stems (Figure 4) when relative humidity is < 90%. Sporulation can occur from 3-26°C (37-79°F), but the optimum range is 18-22°C (64-72°F).
What is the impact of emerging infectious diseases?
Outbreaks of emerging diseases and pandemics inflict damages and costs to society that include the direct costs of treating illness, the effects of a reduction in labor supply caused by an unhealthy and/or dying work force, as well as losses in sectors unrelated to health such as travel and trade.
How can you prevent emerging and re emerging diseases?
- Strengthen infectious disease surveillance and response. ...
- Improve methods for gathering and evaluating surveillance data.
- Ensure the use of surveillance data to improve public health practice and medical treatment.
- Strengthen global capacity to monitor and respond to emerging infectious diseases.
Which of the following actions will help you to avoid the contraction of infectious disease?
Washing hands properly is one of the most important and effective ways of stopping the spread of infections and illnesses. Wash your hands thoroughly using water and plain soap. Wash for at least 20 seconds and dry them completely. Using warm water is preferable, if available.
What are the importance of preventing diseases rather curing the disease?
Prevention is better than cure. It’s cheaper too. In fact, preventing future illnesses and preventing complications from existing conditions, are vital to the future sustainability of health systems . For a vaccine that prevents measles, or a medication that prevents a heart attack, the value is obvious.
