NOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is
shortened to the first author's name followed by et al. and the year
. References: Author Surname, First Initial.
If the work has four or more authors/editors the abbreviation ‘et al. ‘ should be used after the first author's name. It is also acceptable to use ‘et al. ‘
after the first author if the work has three authors
.
If there are three or more authors,
list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for “and others”)
in place of the subsequent authors' names.
- 2 Authors: Always cite both authors' names in-text everytime you reference them. Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) found…
- 6 or More Authors: If a document has six or more authors, simply provide the last name of the first author with “et al.” from the first citation to the last. Example: Thomas et al.
List
only the first author's name followed by “et al.” in
every citation, even the first, unless doing so would create ambiguity between different sources. In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Only “al” should be followed by a period.
Specifically, articles with one or two authors include all names in every in-text citation; articles with three, four, or five authors include all names
in the first in-text citation
but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al.
Citing an Author or Authors. A Work by Two Authors:
Name both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses each time you cite the work
. Use the word “and” between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses.
Only when a work has
six or more authors
should the first in-text citation consist of the first author followed by et al. With five or fewer authors, all the author surnames should be spelled out at first mention.
What is et al example?
This phrase means
“and others
.” Most commonly, et al. indicates other contributors (authors, editors, etc.) in a bibliographic list, such as “Feynman, Hawking, Sagan, et al.” There should always be a period after et al. to show it is an abbreviation.
Can you text et al?
The abbreviation “et al.” (meaning “and others”) is used to
shorten in-text citations with three or more authors
. … Only include the first author's last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).
NOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is
shortened to the first author's name followed by et al. and the year.
When you have 3 or more authors, you only use the first author's surname in text, and abbreviate the rest of the list with “et al.” (Latin for “and others”). In your reference list, you list all of the authors
(up to 20)
.
What does et al means?
One of these is the Latin phrase et al., an abbreviation meaning
“and others
.” It is used to shorten lists of author names in text citations to make repeated referencing shorter and simpler.
Citing an Author or Authors. A Work by Two Authors:
Name both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses each time you cite the work
. Use the word “and” between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses.