If you have two sources by the same author in the same year,
use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the
entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation.
Parenthetical citation: (Brown, 2019).
If two or more works are published by the same author with the same year, add a letter after the year in accordance with the order in the reference list
. See the information regarding “same author … same year” in Setting out the Reference List.
If you have two sources by the same author in the same year,
use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the
entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation.
Arrange your sources in an APA reference list by the author's last name and first name initial. The order follows the letter by letter alphabetizing method. If you have an author or authors of articles published in different years,
use the year of publication to arrange them
in order.
When repeating a citation, show the entire citation; do not, for example, include only a page number (the abbreviation “ibid.” is not used in APA Style). Instead, use the following guidelines: Include
the author(s) and year for every parenthetical in-text citation
.
If you have two sources by the same author in the same year,
use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the entries in the reference
list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation. Research by Berndt (1981a) revealed strong correlations.
What if there is no year for APA citation?
If there is definitely no date posted or date updated, APA uses the
abbreviation n.d.
(short for “no date”) in the parenthesis where the date would normally go in your citation: (n.d.)
For a work with up to 20 authors,
include all of the names in the reference
. When the work has 21 or more authors, include only the first 19 names, an ellipsis, and the final name (see this guideline in the fifth and sixth bullets in Section 9.8 of the Publication Manual and Example 4 in Chapter 10).
Is retrieved from used in APA 7?
If the month and date are not available, use the year of publication. Additionally, APA 7
th
edition no longer requires the use
of “Retrieved from” before URLs or DOIs; special exceptions, however, are made for resources that are unarchived.
If a document has six or more authors, simply
provide the last name of the first author with “et al.” from the first citation to the last
.
NOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is
shortened to the first author's name followed by et al. and the year.
How do you cite the same source multiple times in APA 7th edition?
When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them the same way they appear in the reference list (viz., alphabetically), separated by a semi-colon. If you cite multiple works by the same author in the same parenthetical citation, give
the author's name
only once and follow with dates.
What are the elements of a reference in APA Style?
In general, a reference should contain four elements, which you can remember as the four W's:
author name (“who”), date of publication (“when”), title of the work (“what”), and publication data (“where”)
. This is the basic principle behind all APA Style references.
When you have 3 or more authors, you only use the first author's surname in text, and abbreviate the rest of the list with “et al.” (Latin for “and others”). In your reference list, you list all of the authors
(up to 20)
.
Specifically, articles with one or two authors include all names in every in-text citation; articles with three, four, or five authors include
all names in the first in-text citation
but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al.
