The critical depth for a rectangular channel can be calculated from the fact that the Froude number is equal to one at critical flow conditions. For a rectangular channel , this fact leads to the equation:
Vc/(gyc)1/2 = 1
, where the subscript c is used to indicate critical flow conditions for the velocity and depth.
What is the formula of critical depth?
The governing equation for critical depth computation is
[1](1) Q 2 g = A 3 B
, where is the discharge given to compute the corresponding critical depth, is the gravitational acceleration, is the cross section area, and is the top width at the water surface.
How do you find the critical depth of a triangular channel?
The governing equation for critical depth computation is
[1](1) Q 2 g = A 3 B
, where is the discharge given to compute the corresponding critical depth, is the gravitational acceleration, is the cross section area, and is the top width at the water surface.
What is the critical depth of a channel?
Critical Flow: The variation of specific energy with depth at a constant discharge shows a minimum in the specific energy at a depth called critical depth at which the Froude number has a value of one. Critical depth is also
the depth of maximum discharge
, when the specific energy is held constant.
How is downstream depth calculated?
downstream (subcritical) depth of flow (y2) can be calculated from the following equations:
y2/y1 = (1/2)[-1 + (1 + 8Fr12)1/2]
; V1 = Q/(by1) ; and Fr1 = V1/(y1g)1/2.
How do you find normal depth?
Normal depth is the depth of flow in a channel or culvert when the slope of the water surface and channel bottom is the same and the water depth remains constant. Normal depth occurs
when gravitational force of the water is equal to the friction drag along the culvert
and there is no acceleration of flow.
How is alternate depth calculated?
Variation of the discharge with the water depth at across-section for a given specific energy E1. For a channel of known geometry,
E = f (y, Q)
. … These two possible depths having the same specific energy are known as alternate depths.
What is the Froude number condition for a critical depth of flow?
Therefore, as flow passes through critical conditions its Froude number, V ( g y ) , has a
value of 1.0
. For sub-critical flow the depth is greater and the velocity lower, therefore the Froude number is always less than 1.0; for supercritical flow the opposite is true and the Froude number is always greater than 1.0.
What is alternate depth?
Alternate depths are defined as
the depths of flow in open channels for which the specific energy is the same
. … The generalized solution/equation yields both alternate depths from the known value of the non-dimensional specific energy.
What is hydraulic depth?
The hydraulic depth is
the ratio of the cross-sectional area of flow to the free water surface or top width
. The hydraulic depth, d, is generally used either in comput- ing the Froude number or in computing the section factor for critical depth.
What is the normal depth in a wide rectangular channel?
Answer: normal depth =
1.24 m
; critical depth = 0.972 m.
How do you calculate depth of flow?
Normal depth
is the depth of flow in a channel or culvert when the slope of the water surface and channel bottom is the same and the water depth remains constant. Normal depth occurs when gravitational force of the water is equal to the friction drag along the culvert and there is no acceleration of flow.
How do you calculate conjugate depth?
Conjugate depths are determined by the one-dimensional momentum equation as follows:(14)
Q 2 g A 1 + A 1 h c 1 = Q 2 g A 2 + A 2 h c 2
where A
1
and A
2
are the cross-sectional areas upstream and downstream of a hydraulic jump, respectively (m
2
), and h
c1
and h
c2
are the water depths from the centroids of the cross- …
What is the normal depth denoted as?
Explanation: Normal depth is denoted as
Y
n
. The normal depth plays an important role in determining the hydraulic slope and hydraulic curve of a fluid flow in motion.
How do you calculate water depth from pressure?
We begin by solving the equation
P = hρg
for depth h: h=Pρg h = P ρ g . Then we take P to be 1.00 atm and ρ to be the density of the water that creates the pressure.
What is uniform flow depth?
From that point on, the flow velocity and flow depth remain constant. Such a flow,
in which the flow depth does not change with distance
, is called uniform flow, and the corresponding flow depth is called the normal depth.
