Modern Language Association (MLA) Style Manual: For research papers having three or more authors, MLA states that, for the reference list, the first author's surname should be cited, followed by a comma, then the rest of the name, followed by “et al.” For in-text citations,
the first author's surname is followed by
“et …
How do you cite et al in a paper?
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style Manual: For research papers having three or more authors, MLA states that, for the reference list, the first author's surname should be cited, followed by a comma, then the rest of the name, followed by “et al.” For in-text citations,
the first author's surname is followed by “et
…
How do you write et al correctly?
matter what, “et” is never followed by a period.
Only “al” is followed by a period
. That means that “et al.” is the only proper spelling of the phrase.
NOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is
shortened to the first author's name followed by et al. and the year.
Specifically, articles with one or two authors include all names in every in-text citation; articles with three, four, or five authors include
all names in the first in-text citation
but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al.
How do you add et al?
Writers sometimes use the surname of
the first author followed
by et al. at the first mention of a work that has three, four, or five authors. Only when a work has six or more authors should the first in-text citation consist of the first author followed by et al.
How do you read et al?
“et al.” is an abbreviation. When read aloud, you pronounce the full
term “et alii” (or “et alia”)
– same as you would say “et cetera” when reading aloud the “etc.” abbreviation. Alternatively, you could say “and others” – same as you would say “for example” when reading aloud the “e.g.” abbreviation.
In et al.,
et should not be followed by a period
. Only “al” should be followed by a period. Since et al. is plural, it should always be a substitute for more than one name. In the case that et al. would stand in for just one author, write the author's name instead.
What does et al means?
One of these is the Latin phrase et al., an abbreviation meaning
“and others
.” It is used to shorten lists of author names in text citations to make repeated referencing shorter and simpler.
If a document has six or more authors, simply
provide the last name of the first author with “et al.” from the first citation to the last
.
List
by last names and initials
; commas separate author names. After the first 19 authors' names, use an ellipsis in place of the remaining author names. Then, end with the final author's name (do not place an ampersand before it).
Three to five authors
: List all the authors the first time you cite the work: (Ackermann, Benjes-Small, Brainard, Smith, & Vassady, 2009). After the first time, use only the first author's name followed by et al.: (Ackermann et al., 2009). Six authors or more: Never use them all in the in-text citation.
List by last names and initials
; commas separate author names. After the sixth author's name, use an ellipsis in place of the author names. Then provide the final author name. There should be no more than seven names.
What is et al example?
This phrase means
“and others
.” Most commonly, et al. indicates other contributors (authors, editors, etc.) in a bibliographic list, such as “Feynman, Hawking, Sagan, et al.” There should always be a period after et al. to show it is an abbreviation.
Can you text et al?
The abbreviation “et al.” (meaning “and others”) is used to
shorten in-text citations with three or more authors
. … Only include the first author's last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).
Can you use et al in a greeting?
The use of et al. is not standard in greetings
, so people will stumble over it, wondering whether they missed an important new rule somewhere. Writers using the unusual greeting will worry about how to punctuate after it, and their readers will spend time questioning whatever punctuation choice the writers make.
