Chemical composition and structure: Carbohydrates are polymers of monosaccharides, which are polyols (many OH groups) with an aldehyde or ketone functional group. Fats are esters of fatty acids and glycerol . Most carbohydrates are hydrophilic, smaller ones are soluble in water. Fats are hydrophobic.
How do fats compare to carbohydrates as an energy source?
Fats are the slowest source of energy but the most energy-efficient form of food. Each gram of fat supplies the body with about 9 calories, more than twice that supplied by proteins or carbohydrates. Because fats are such an efficient form of energy, the body stores any excess energy as fat.
How are carbohydrates and lipids similar?
They are all organic compounds, that is, they contain the element carbon. Carbohydrates and lipids both contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (0); proteins contain these three elements plus one or more from nitrogen (N), sulphur (S) and phosphorous (P).
How fatty acids are converted to carbohydrates?
Fatty acids are broken down to acetyl-CoA by means of beta oxidation
What is the main structure of a fatty acid?
Generally, a fatty acid consists of a straight chain of an even number of carbon atoms, with hydrogen atoms along the length of the chain and at one end of the chain and a carboxyl group (―COOH) at the other end . It is that carboxyl group that makes it an acid (carboxylic acid).
What are the 3 classes of carbohydrates?
- Sugars. They are also called simple carbohydrates because they are in the most basic form. ...
- Starches. They are complex carbohydrates, which are made of lots of simple sugars strung together. ...
- Fiber. It is also a complex carbohydrate.
What is the difference between carbohydrates lipids and proteins?
They are all organic compounds, that is, they contain the element carbon. Carbohydrates and lipids both contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (0); proteins contain these three elements plus one or more from nitrogen (N), sulphur (S) and phosphorous (P).
How proteins are converted into carbohydrates?
Dietary protein is used to replace proteins which were previously broken down and used by the body. Extra protein does not get stored. Instead, excess amino acids get converted to carbohydrate or fat.
Is a fatty acid a carb?
| Type of nutrient Where it is found How it is used | Fat Oils Butter Egg yolks Animal products Broken down into fatty acids to make cell linings and hormones. Extra is stored in fat cells. |
|---|
What are the steps in carbohydrate metabolism?
Carbohydrate metabolism involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain .
What causes the shape of a fatty acid to be straight?
The primary components of fatty acids are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. When carbon atoms bond together, they form a single bond and can exhibit a zig-zag shape. When the overall molecule is seen, the entire fatty acid appears as a fairly straight line.
How will you classify the fatty acids give details?
Fatty acids are classified according to the presence and number of double bonds in their carbon chain . Saturated fatty acids (SFA) contain no double bonds, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) contain one, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contain more than one double bond.
What is another name for linoleic acid?
| Names | Other names cis ,cis-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid C18:2 (Lipid numbers) | Identifiers | CAS Number 60-33-3 | 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image |
|---|
How are the carbohydrates classified?
Carbohydrates are divided into four types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides . Monosaccharides consist of a simple sugar; that is, they have the chemical formula C 6 H 12 O 6 . Disaccharides are two simple sugars.
What are examples of simple carbohydrates?
Simple carbohydrates are found naturally in foods such as fruits, milk, and milk products . They are also found in processed and refined sugars such as candy, table sugar, syrups, and soft drinks.
What are the classes of carbohydrates and give examples?
| Aldoses Ketoses | (C5H10O5) Pentoses Ribose Ribulose | (C6H12O6) Hexoses Glucose Fructose |
|---|
