If the pressure is increased, the equilibrium position moves to the right , so the yield of ammonia increases. The rate of reaction also increases because the gas molecules are closer together, so successful collisions are more frequent.
How does pressure affect the Haber process?
If the pressure is increased, the equilibrium position moves in the direction of the fewest molecules of gas . This means it moves to the right in the Haber process. ... Stronger equipment is needed, and more energy is needed to compress the gases. So a compromise pressure of 200 atmospheres is chosen.
Would high or low pressure favor the production of ammonia?
Explanation: High pressures favour the forward process, and typically the process is conducted under pressures of some 200 atm .
How does concentration affect the yield of ammonia?
The effect of concentration on equilibrium
If the nitrogen or hydrogen concentration was increased, Le Chatelier’s principle predicts that equilibrium will shift to favour the forward reaction so that the excess nitrogen and hydrogen are used up to produce ammonia.
Why is the best yield of ammonia obtained at high pressure?
The effect of increasing pressure
If the pressure is increased, the equilibrium position moves to the right, so the yield of ammonia increases . The rate of reaction also increases because the gas molecules are closer together, so successful collisions are more frequent.
What are the best conditions for the Haber process?
In industry, the conditions used are 450 degrees Celsius and 200 atm with an iron catalyst . If low temperatures were used, the yield would be greater, however, the rate of reaction would be too slow for the process to be economically feasible.
How can you increase the yield of ammonia?
- Increasing the pressure of the reaction increases the yield of ammonia. ...
- Increasing the temperature of the reaction actually decreases the yield of ammonia in the reaction.
How do you maximize the yield of ammonia?
The yield of ammonia can be maximized under the following conditions: (i) Temperature ~ 700k. (ii) High pressure of 200 x 10 5 Pa (about 200 atm). (iii) A catalyst such as iron oxide with small amounts of K 2 ,O and Al 2 O 3 .
Why is the best yield of ammonia at low temperature?
Using equilibrium laws, when the temperature is decreased, the system will shift to opose this change. This means that the equilibrium will shift to favour the exothermic reaction , so therefore will shift right to increase the yield of ammonia at a low temperature.
Why can the yield of ammonia not be 100?
There are a few reasons why percentage yield will never be 100%. This could be because other, unexpected reactions occur which don’t produce the desired product , not all of the reactants are used in the reaction, or perhaps when the product was removed from the reaction vessel it was not all collected.
How can you increase the yield of a reaction?
- Increase the temperature.
- Increase the concentration of reactants.
- Increase the surface area of the reactants.
- Use a catalyst.
- Remove the product as it’s formed.
What are the conditions required for maximum yield of ammonia in Haber’s process?
According to Le Chatelier’s principle, the amount of ammonia is increased by lowering the temperature and increasing the pressure in the reaction mixture. Thus, in the manufacture of ammonia by Haber’s process, the maximum yield of ammonia will be obtained with the process having low temperature and high pressure .
How does ammonia react with a solution of cu2+?
Answer : Ammonia on reacting with Cu 2 + acts as a Lewis base and donates its electron pair to the metal ion and forms a linkage with the metal ion.
Why is high pressure expensive?
Very high pressures are very expensive to produce on two counts . You have to build extremely strong pipes and containment vessels to withstand the very high pressure. That increases your capital costs when the plant is built.
Does temperature affect yield?
The yield and rate of a chemical reaction depend on conditions such as temperature and pressure . ... The percentage yield is decreased if the reactants do not completely form the products.
What are the 3 conditions for the Haber process?
Air is 78 per cent nitrogen and nearly all the rest is oxygen. When hydrogen is burned in air, the oxygen combines with the hydrogen – leaving nitrogen behind. a high temperature – about 450°C . a high pressure – about 200 atmospheres (200 times normal pressure)
