The temperature of an object influences the radiation when the higher the objects temperature, the shorter the wavelengths of emitted radiation . The earth’s surface becomes colder and colder because the earth atmosphere absorbs and emits infrared radiation.
How does temperature affect the radiation emitted by an object?
All objects actually emit radiation if their temperature is greater than absolute zero . ... This law (expressed mathematically as E = σT4) states that all objects with temperatures above absolute zero (0K or -273°C or -459°F) emit radiation at a rate proportional to the fourth power of their absolute temperature.
How does the temperature of an object influence the radiation it emits How and why does the amount and type of radiation emitted by the Earth differ from that emitted by the sun?
How does the temperature of an object influence the radiation it emits? The higher the temperature, the faster the electrons vibrate , and the shoter are the wavelenghts of the emitted radiation. The sun emits a maximum amount of radiation at wavelenghts near 0.5 um.
How does radiation emitted by the Earth differ from radiation emitted by the sun?
The Earth emits mostly longer wavelength infrared radiation that we cannot see. Sunlight made up of visible light passes through the atmosphere on the way into Earth, but the greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere absorb infrared radiation going out to space.
Why do the wavelengths of most of the radiation emitted by the sun differ from those emitted by the surface of the Earth?
How do the wavelengths of most of the radiation emitted by the sun differ from those emitted by the surface of the earth? The wavelengths of the earth are much longer than those of the sun . ... The earth behaves as a blackbody and absorbs solar radiation while emitting infrared radiation at equal rates.
What are the two most common gases in the atmosphere?
Earth’s atmosphere is composed of about 78 percent nitrogen , 21 percent oxygen, 0.9 percent argon, and 0.1 percent other gases. Trace amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and neon are some of the other gases that make up the remaining 0.1 percent.
How does solar radiation affect the atmosphere?
Larger aerosol particles in the atmosphere interact with and absorb some of the radiation, causing the atmosphere to warm . The heat generated by this absorption is emitted as longwave infrared radiation, some of which radiates out into space.
What type of radiation is emitted by the Sun?
All of the energy from the Sun that reaches the Earth arrives as solar radiation, part of a large collection of energy called the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. Solar radiation includes visible light, ultraviolet light , infrared, radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays. Radiation is one way to transfer heat.
What controls how much radiation the Sun emits?
Q1: What controls how much radiation the Sun emits? Sunspots are not the primary control. The distance from the Sun to the Earth is approximately 150 million kilometers; at this distance, Earth intercepts a tiny amount of the radiation emitted by the Sun. The law that explains this is known as the Inverse Square Law .
Which part of Earth absorbs the most sunlight?
Because Earth is a sphere, not all part of the Earth receives the same amount of solar radiation. More solar radiation is received and absorbed near the equator than at the poles. Near the equator, the Sun’s rays strike the Earth most directly, while at the poles the rays strike at a steep angle.
Which greenhouse gas has the greatest effect on climate?
Carbon dioxide is widely reported as the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas because it currently accounts for the greatest portion of the warming associated with human activities.
Why are sunsets red?
Why is the sunset red or orange? ... The shorter wavelength blue light is scattered further, as the sunlight passes over a greater distance, and we see the longer wavelength yellow and red light. These effects are a cause of Rayleigh Scattering .
How much energy does the earth radiate into space?
Thus, about 71 percent of the total incoming solar energy is absorbed by the Earth system. Of the 340 watts per square meter of solar energy that falls on the Earth, 29% is reflected back into space, primarily by clouds, but also by other bright surfaces and the atmosphere itself.
What is the most gas in the atmosphere?
Gases. The most abundant naturally occurring gas is Nitrogen (N 2 ) , which makes up about 78% of air. Oxygen (O 2 ) is the second most abundant gas at about 21%. The inert gas Argon (Ar) is the third most abundant gas at .
What is the hottest layer of the atmosphere?
The thermosphere is often considered the “hot layer” because it contains the warmest temperatures in the atmosphere. Temperature increases with height until the estimated top of the thermosphere at 500 km. Temperatures can reach as high as 2000 K or 1727 oC in this layer (Wallace and Hobbs 24).
What is the least abundant gas in the atmosphere?
Some references include other gases on this list, such as krypton (less abundant than helium, but more than hydrogen), xenon (less abundant than hydrogen), nitrogen dioxide (less abundant than ozone), and iodine (less abundant than ozone).
