In the lytic cycle, the phage replicates and lyses the host cell. In the lysogenic cycle, phage DNA is incorporated into the host genome, where it is passed on to subsequent generations.
Environmental stressors such as starvation or exposure to toxic chemicals
may cause the prophage to excise and enter the lytic cycle.
What triggers a switch from the lysogenic to lytic cycle?
Transition from lysogenic to lytic
If a bacterium containing prophage is exposed to stressors, such as UV light, low nutrient conditions, or chemicals like mitomycin C
, prophage may spontaneously extract themselves from the host genome and enter the lytic cycle in a process called induction.
What might trigger a prophage or Provirus to become active and enter the lytic cycle?
Influences from the environment, such as
radiation, heat, and certain chemicals
, trigger the prophage/provirus to become active. It then removes itself from the host cell’s DNA and enters the lytic cycle.
Why does mitomycin C induce the lytic cycle?
Based on studies in the phage lambda (Gottesman & Oppenheim 1994), mitomycin C and UV-C damage the DNA, which activates the SOS repair system, including the enzyme RecA.
The RecA protein cleaves a repressor and induces the lytic cycle
.
How lytic cycle is different from lysogenic cycle?
The difference between lysogenic and lytic cycles is that, in lysogenic cycles, the spread of the viral DNA occurs through the usual prokaryotic reproduction, whereas a lytic cycle is more immediate in that it results in many copies of the virus being created very quickly and the cell is destroyed.
What happens in lytic cycle?
In the lytic cycle, a phage acts like a typical virus:
it hijacks its host cell and uses the cell’s resources to make lots of new phages, causing the cell to lyse (burst) and die in the process
.
What happens in lysogenic cycle?
In the lysogenic cycle,
the viral DNA gets integrated into the host’s DNA but viral genes are not expressed
. The prophage is passed on to daughter cells during every cell division. After some time, the prophage leaves the bacterial DNA and goes through the lytic cycle, creating more viruses.
What is the difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle quizlet?
What is the main difference between a lytic and lysogenic cycle? In the lytic cycle, the viral genome does not incorporate into the host genome. In the lysogenic cycle, the viral genome incorporates into the host genome and stays there throughout replication until the lytic cycle is triggered.
What occurs earliest during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
There are five stages in the bacteriophage lytic cycle (see Figure 1).
Attachment is the first stage in the infection process in which the phage interacts with specific bacterial surface receptors
(e.g., lipopolysaccharides and OmpC protein on host surfaces).
What always happens to the host cell at the end of the lytic cycle?
The Lytic cycle – a virus enters the cell, reproduces itself, and causes the cell to burst. The host cell makes copies of viral genetic material indefinitely. What always happens to the host cell at the end of the Lytic cycle?
The cell bursts and releases 100’s of new viruses
.
Which step in lytic cycle follows attachment of virus and release of DNA into the cell?
Explanation: correct potion is
replication
for more details search stages of lytic cycle.
What is mitomycin C induction?
Chemical treatment of lysogenic strains
with Mitomycin C is known to cause induction of temperate phages, though it is not always easy to clearly identify a lysogenic strain or to measure the number of released phage particles.
What is lysogeny in microbiology?
lysogeny,
type of life cycle that takes place when a bacteriophage infects certain types of bacteria
. In this process, the genome (the collection of genes in the nucleic acid core of a virus) of the bacteriophage stably integrates into the chromosome of the host bacterium and replicates in concert with it.
What is lysogenic conversion?
Lysogenic conversion is
a process that occurs between a bacterium and a phage that is often beneficial for the bacteria
. In lysogenic conversion, the phage inserts specific characteristics into the bacterial genes causing the bacteria to have better survival.
Where does the lytic cycle take place?
They have a two-phase lifecycle, residing in
a dormant state within the host genome
(lysogenic cycle) or hijacking the host cellular machinery for their own replication (lytic cycle).
What are the 4 steps of the lytic cycle?
The lytic cycle involves four steps: infecting a host (an action called exposure), injecting a cell with the virus’s genetic material, using the cell’s metabolic engines to create new viruses, and finally, weakening the cell walls until the host cell lyses, or bursts open from excessive internal pressure.
What are examples of diseases caused by lytic viruses?
| Route Examples | Faecal-oral Polio, echo, Coxsackie, Hepatitis A, Rotavirus | Milk HIV, HTLV-1, CMV | Transplacental Rubella, CMV, HIV | Sexually Herpes 1 and 2, HIV, HPV, Hepatitis B |
|---|
What is lytic infection?
Infection of a bacterium by a bacteriophage with subsequent production of more phage particles and lysis, or dissolution, of the cell
. The viruses responsible are commonly called virulent phages. Lytic infection is one of the two major bacteriophage–bacterium relationships, the other being lysogenic infection.
What best describes the lytic and lysogenic cycles quizlet?
Which best describes the lytic and lysogenic cycles? Unlike the lysogenic cycle,
the lytic cycle involves destruction of the host
. Which best describes viruses? Viruses are nonliving infectious agents.
| Lytic Cycle Lysogenic Cycle | The viral or phage DNA does not integrate with the host cell DNA. The viral of phage DNA is integrated into the host cell DNA. | The cycle does not have a prophage stage. The cycle has a prophage stage. |
|---|
How do retroviruses work differently than other viruses?
Retroviruses differ from other viruses in that
each virion contains two complete copies of the single-stranded RNA genome
.
