| Name Discoverer Distance from Jupiter | Io Galileo, 1610 421,600 km/261,970 mi | Europa Galileo, 1610 670,900 km/416,880 mi | Ganymede Galileo, 1610 1,070,000 km/664,870 mi | Callisto Galileo, 1610 1,883,000 km/1,170,000 mi |
|---|
How many years would it take to get to Saturn?
| Spacecraft Target Time | Dawn Vesta 4 years | Galileo Jupiter 6 years | Messenger Mercury 6.5 years | Cassini Saturn 7 years |
|---|
How long does it take to get to Europa from Earth?
The Clipper could probably be ready to launch between 2020 and 2022, Senske said. Its journey to Europa would take
about six years
.
Can humans live on Io?
If life did ever develop on Io, there is a chance it might have survived to thepresent day, Schulze-Makuch suggested. “
Life on the surface is all but impossible
, but if you godown further into the rocks, it could be intriguing,” he said. “Weshouldn’t categorize it as dead right away just because it’s so extreme.”
Will Io crash into Jupiter?
And now, a new study shows another unique connection between Io and Jupiter:
Io’s atmosphere collapses every time it passes into Jupiter’s shadow
, and scientists just watched it happen for the first time ever. They published their results Tuesday in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. Okay, so, let’s pause.
Why is Io yellow?
Sulfur dioxide frost is ubiquitous across the surface of Io, forming large regions covered in white or grey materials.
Sulfur is also seen in many places across Io, forming yellow to yellow-green regions
.
Are Io volcanoes active?
Jupiter’s rocky moon
Io is the most volcanically active world in the solar system
, with hundreds of volcanoes, some erupting lava fountains dozens of miles (or kilometers) high.
How hot is Io?
| Io Statistics | Escape velocity (km/sec) 2.56 | Visual geometric albedo 0.61 | Mean surface temperature -143°C | Magnitude (Vo) 5.02 |
|---|
How long is the flight to Mars?
The trip to Mars will take
about seven months
and about 300 million miles (480 million kilometers). During that journey, engineers have several opportunities to adjust the spacecraft’s flight path, to make sure its speed and direction are best for arrival at Jezero Crater on Mars.
Does it rain diamonds on Saturn?
About 10 million tons of diamond rain down on Saturn each year
. The new molecule is relatively heavy, and when attracted by the planet’s gravity, begins to be drawn downwards.
How long does it take to get from Earth to Mars?
On average, the distance between Earth and Mars is 140 million miles, according to Nasa. If you were to reach Mars based on the current speeds of spaceships, it would take
roughly nine months
, according to the Nasa Goddard Space Flight Centre’s website.
Is Titan habitable?
Additionally,
Titan’s rivers, lakes and seas of liquid methane and ethane might serve as a habitable environment on the moon’s surface
, though any life there would likely be very different from Earth’s life.
How do we know Europa has an ocean?
Based on Europa’s icy composition, scientists think the most likely material to create this magnetic signature is a global ocean of salty water, and this
magnetic field result
is still the best evidence we have for the existence of an ocean on Europa.
Can you breathe on Europa?
Europa has a thin oxygen atmosphere, but
it is far too tenuous for humans to breathe
. From the surface of Europa, Jupiter appears 24 times larger than the moon appears in our sky. Europa’s magnetic field shields its surface from Jupiter’s deadly radiation.
Why is Io so radioactive?
Due to its proximity to Jupiter
, it receives 3,600 rem of radiation a day (compared to 0.001 rem per day on Earth). This is 1,000 times stronger than needed to kill a human being.
How long is a day on Titan?
The day cycle on Titan lasts
15.9 Earth days
, which is how long it takes Titan to orbit Saturn. Titan is tidally locked, so the same part of Titan always faces Saturn, and there is no separate “month” cycle.
How far is Io from the Sun?
The distance of Io from the Sun is around
45 minutes/light or 5.44 AU
. The distance of Io from Earth is around 44 minutes/light or 5.33 AU.
Can Titan support life?
Titan is not a pleasant place for life
. It is far too cold for liquid water to exist, and all known forms of life need liquid water. Titan’s surface is -180°C.
Can we live on Europa?
Europa’s surface is blasted by radiation from Jupiter. That’s a bad thing for life on the surface –
it couldn’t survive
. But the radiation may create fuel for life in an ocean below the surface. The radiation splits apart water molecules (H2O, made of oxygen and hydrogen) in Europa’s extremely tenuous atmosphere.
How long is a Europa day?
| Facts and Figures Io Europa | Radius (km) 1,815 1,569 | Mass (Earth Masses) a 0.015 0.008 | Time of Orbit (Earth Days) 1.77 3.55 | Day Length (Earth Days) 1.77 3.55 |
|---|
Why is Io cold?
When Io passes into Jupiter’s shadow, and is out of direct sunlight, it is too cold for sulfur dioxide gas
, and it condenses onto Io’s surface. During that time, we can only see volcanically-sourced sulfur dioxide.
Why is Io so hot?
Figure from Veeder and others (2012). So, why is Io so darn hot? The likeliest cause is
tidal forces
– the pulling and tugging of the moon by the gravity of Jupiter. Io orbits at only 421,000 km from Jupiter, making a full orbit in ~1.76 days.
How long does it take Io to orbit Jupiter?
42 hours
How hot is Io lava?
In 1986, measurements of a bright eruption on Io’s leading hemisphere revealed temperatures of
at least 900 K (600 °C; 1,200 °F)
. This is higher than the boiling point of sulfur (715 K or 442 °C or 827 °F), indicating a silicate composition for at least some of Io’s lava flows.
Does Io have ice?
The Voyager spacecraft discovered active volcanoes on Io more than a decade ago. Patches of sulfur and sulfur dioxide frosts cover the satellite.
The water ice is combined with the more abundant sulfur dioxide ice on Io’s surface.
Does Io have a magnetic field?
Unlike Earth, whose spinning iron core generates a planet-wide magnetic field,
Io has no magnetic field of its own
. Instead, it is shrouded beneath Jupiter’s massive magnetosphere. “Io would not have any magnetic fields if it was taken out of the magnetosphere of Jupiter and put in empty space,” Blocker said.
