Simply multiply the maintenance fluid requirements (cc/hr) times the amount of time since the patient took PO intake. Estimated maintenance requirements follow the 4/2/1 rule: 4 cc/kg/hr for the first 10 kg, 2 cc/kg/hr for the second 10 kg, and 1 cc/kg/hr for every kg above 20.
What is the standard maintenance fluid rate?
Normal Maintenance Requirements
This formula is based on the energy expenditure of healthy children, with 1 mL of fluid provided for each kcal expended, or
1500 mL/m2 per day
.
How do you calculate maintenance fluid for a dog?
The volume of rehydration fluids required is determined by reassessing hydration parameters after resuscitation, using the following formula:
% dehydration × body wt (kg) × total body water (0.6)
. This volume is commonly administered throughout 4–12 hours with standard isotonic, balanced electrolyte replacement fluids.
How do you calculate fluid deficit maintenance?
Calculate their total fluid requirement over 24 hours:
Fluid deficit = 5% dehydration x 12 x 10 = 600 mL
. Maintenance = 1000mL (100 mL/kg for first 10 kg) + 100mL (50 mL/kg for last 2kg) = 1100 mL.
How do you calculate maintenance fluid for a child?
- For infants 3.5 to 10 kg the daily fluid requirement is 100 mL/kg.
- For children 11-20 kg the daily fluid requirement is 1000 mL + 50 mL/kg for every kg over 10.
- For children >20 kg the daily fluid requirement is 1500 mL + 20 mL/kg for every kg over 20, up to a maximum of 2400 mL daily.
What is fluid maintenance?
Maintenance fluid is based on
replacing fluid/electrolytes due to insensible losses (principally water losses from the skin and lungs) and urinary losses of water and electrolytes
. Gastrointestinal losses are considered negligible in the absence of a pathologic process, such as diarrhea.
What is maintenance fluids for dogs?
Maintenance fluids are defined as
the required volume needed per day to keep the patient in balance, with no change in total body water
. 1 Most veterinarians use the rule of thumb of 40 to 60 ml/kg/day.
How do you calculate maintenance fluid in DKA?
Fluid rate equals (2 x daily maintenance + deficit) ÷ 48
. Change to a potassium chloride containing solution once serum potassium <5mmol/L and patient has passed urine. Initially use 40mmol Potassium chloride in 1000mL fluid.
How do you calculate fluid deficit in DKA?
- Maintenance fluids are calculated using the standard (Holliday-Segar) formula:
- General Principles:
- ALWAYS recheck the fluid calculation; errors occur frequently.
- Total hourly fluid rate =
- Total Deficit / 48 in mL + calculated hourly maintenance in mL.
How much water should a child drink by weight?
From 0-12 months your child should have approximately
5 oz of fluid per 2.2 . lbs
. So, for and 11 lb baby, they should get approximately 25 oz per day.
How much maintenance fluid would a patient receive if they are 18 kg?
| Weight Minimum fluid intake per hour Minimum fluid intake per shift | 17 kg 54 cc/hour 432 cc/shift | 18 kg 56 cc/hour 448 cc/shift | 19 kg 58 cc/hour 464 cc/shift |
|---|
How much IV fluid should be given to a dog?
Initial rapid infusion for dogs should be 20 to 40 ml/kg IV (one half this amount for cats) for 15 minutes, followed by
70 to 90 ml/kg
(dogs) or 30 to 50 ml/kg (cats) administered over one hour.
How do you calculate fluid deficit in pediatric DKA?
Requirement = Maintenance + Deficit – fluid already given
.
For most children, use 5% to 8% dehydration to calculate fluids. Neonatal DKA will require special consideration and larger volumes of fluid than those quoted may be required, usually 100-150 ml/kg/24 hours).
What is anion gap in diabetic ketoacidosis?
Anion Gap. In patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, the anion gap is elevated ([Na + K] – [Cl + HCO
3
]
greater than 10 mEq/L in mild cases and greater than 12 mEq/L in moderate and severe cases
).
How do pediatrics manage DKA?
Treatment involves
administration of intravenous fluids and insulin
. Children with diabetic ketoacidosis require serial laboratory studies for electrolyte derangements and close clinical monitoring for signs of cerebral edema, an uncommon but potentially fatal complication of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis.
