Incentives
. a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior. Hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
What are positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behaviors called?
Incentives
. a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior. Hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
What is an environmental stimulus that motivates behavior?
incentive
. A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
Which of the following is a term that describes a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior?
Motivation
is a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. Under the influence of Darwin’s evolutionary theory, the popular view was that instincts control behavior. Drive-reduction theory maintains that physiological needs create psychological drives that seek to restore internal stability, or homeostasis.
Which of the following is a need or desire that energizes behavior?
Motivation
is a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it toward a goal. It is what either starts or stops behavior. It is the internal and external forces that drive our thoughts, moods, and behaviors.
How does the arousal theory of motivation differ from drive reduction theory?
While drive -reduction theory focuses primarily on biological needs as motivators, arousal theory examines the influence of the neurotransmitter dopamine as a motivator in the body. Arousal theory
proposes that motivation is strongly linked to biological factors that control reward sensitivity and goal-driven behavior
.
Who suggested that we feel sorry because we cry afraid because we?
As
William James
put it, “We feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble” (James, 1884, p. 190). A fundamental aspect of the James-Lange theory is that different patterns of arousal may create different emotional experiences.
What does Dr Schmidt study?
2. Dr. Schmidt studies
the factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms
.
What do most psychologist now believe about the instinct theory for human behavior?
What do most psychologists now believe about the instinct theory for human behavior?
Human behavior is motivated by a combination of biological and psychological states
.
How would hull explain the behavior of a rat pressing a lever for food pellets?
How would Hull and Spence explain the behavior of a rat pressing a lever for food pellets? Pressing the
lever is an instinctive behavior
.
Which theory most clearly emphasizes the importance of homeostasis in motivation?
Terms in this set (16)
Which theory most clearly emphasizes the importance of homeostasis in motivation?
The arousal theory of motivation
would be most helpful for explaining why…
Which of the following is an example of intrinsic motivation?
Some examples of intrinsic motivation are:
participating in a sport because it’s fun and you enjoy it rather than doing
it to win an award. learning a new language because you like experiencing new things, not because your job requires it.
Is the theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal best or ideal level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation?
The arousal theory of motivation
suggests that people are driven to perform actions in order to maintain an optimum level of physiological arousal.
How does motivation direct and energize behavior?
Drive Motivation
Needs
are internal motives that energize, direct and sustain behavior. They generate strivings necessary for the maintenance of life as in physiological needs, and for the promotion of growth and wellbeing as in psychological and implicit needs. … These biological events become psychological motives.
How do inspiration and motivation affect thoughts feelings and Behaviour?
Dopamine has mostly activating effects on behavior and cognition and contributes to approach behavior, positive affect, sensitivity to rewards, broad thinking, and mental flexibility. Inspiration was also related to important psychological resources, including self-efficacy, self-esteem, and optimism.
How does motivation affect Behaviour and performance?
Motivation is an important factor in everyday life. Our basic behaviors and feelings are affected by
our inner drive to succeed over life’s challenges
while we set goals for ourselves. Our motivation also promotes our feelings of competence and self-worth as we achieve our goals.
Is the motivational tension or arousal that energizes behavior to fulfill a need?
Motivational tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior to fulfill a need. The body’s tendency to maintain a steady internal state. The belief that we try to maintain certain levels of stimulation and activity. Theories suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals, or incentives.
Is the James-Lange theory correct?
These theories had different emphases, and some scholars argue that the James-Lange theory of emotion is a distortion of both scientists’ work. James-Lange theory of emotion (1880s)
proposed that bodily changes come first and form the basis of an emotional experience
.
How does the arousal theory of motivation differ from drive reduction theory quizlet?
How does the arousal theory of motivation differ from drive-reduction theory? Arousal theory suggests that
people are sometimes motivated to increase rather than decrease their level of stimulation
. … the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.
Which of the following is a similarity between drive-reduction approaches to motivation and arousal approaches to motivation?
Which of the following is a similarity between drive-reduction approaches to motivation and arousal approaches to motivation? Both approaches
suggest that people are likely to try to reduce their stimulation and activity levels if these levels become too high
.
What is Lazarus theory?
Lazarus Theory states that
a thought must come before any emotion or physiological arousal
. In other words, you must first think about your situation before you can experience an emotion.
When behavior is motivated by the pull of external goals such as rewards we say one is motivated by?
Incentive Theories
Behavior
is motivated by the “pull” of external goals and rewards such as rewards, money or recognition. This approach is based heavily on operant learning theory (behavior is based on the expectation of consequences such as reinforcements or punishments, Chapter 5), and hence testable.
When psychologists first tried to explain motivation What did they turn to and why?
-Six theories of motivation: instinct model, drive reduction model, arousal model, incentive model, cognitive model, and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. When psychologists first tried to explain motivation, they turned to
instincts, inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned
.
What is motivation explain?
Motivation is the process that
initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors
. … Motivation involves the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that activate behavior. In everyday usage, the term “motivation” is frequently used to describe why a person does something.
Which of the following approaches to motivation suggests that motivation is a product of people’s thoughts expectations and goals?
Cognitive approaches to motivation
are theories suggesting that: … motivation is a product of people’s thoughts, beliefs, expectations, and goals.
Why do psychologist think that little human behavior is instinctive?
Today, most psychologists do not believe that human behavior is primarily motivated by instinct
because it would need to be found throughout the species
. … People are also motivated by the conscious desire for personal growth and artistic fulfillment.
What is positive reinforcement?
Thus, positive reinforcement
occurs when a behavior is encouraged by rewards
. If a child enjoys candy and cleaning the room is the desired behavior, the candy is a positive reinforcer (reward) because it is something that is given or added when the behavior occurs.
What are examples of negative reinforcement?
Deciding to
take an antacid before you indulge in a spicy meal
is an example of negative reinforcement. You engage in an action in order to avoid a negative result. One of the best ways to remember negative reinforcement is to think of it as something being subtracted from the situation.
Which of the following is true of positive and negative reinforcers?
Which of the following is true of positive and negative reinforcers? a.
Positive reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding
; negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding.
Which theory states that a stimulus triggers physiological changes that produce emotion?
Which theory states that a stimulus triggers physiological changes that produce emotion?
The James-Lange theory
states that the changes in our body come first, followed by our subjective experience of an emotion.
Why do modern psychologists feel that instincts are not enough to explain motivation adequately?
why does instinct theory fail to adequately explain human motives?
there’s a need (eg food)
, a drive, (hunger) and a drive-reducing behavior (eating).
What are the 3 major theories of motivation?
Three Main Theories on Motivation are
1. Optimal-level Theory
, 2. Psychoanalytic Theory 3. Humanistic Theory!
Which of the following is positive reaction to the blockage of goal?
Constructive behaviour
: A positive reaction to the blocking of a desired goal. Frustration: A negative response to the blockage of a desired goal which results in a defensive form of behaviour.
Which theory focuses on genetically predisposed behaviors?
The instinct theory
(now replaced by the evolutionary perspective) focuses on genetically predisposed behaviors.
Which of the following refers to a physiological state that triggers a state of motivational arousal?
“According to drive-reduction theory,
a need
refers to” Answers: a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal. anything that is perceived as having positive or negative value in motivating behavior.
What is positive and negative motivation?
Positive motivation refers to
the pleasure or reward an athlete receives when completing a task, goal or event
. … Negative motivation describes the pain or negative consequences an athlete experiences when they fail to complete an event or task correctly or unable to achieve their goals.
Which of the following is an example of an extrinsically motivated behavior?
Completing a task for money, recognition/praise, or to avoid punishment
are common examples of extrinsically motivated behavior. In these cases, the behavior occurs because of the external rewards, not because of some unseen, unverifiable intrinsic value of the task [1].
What is an example of extrinsic motivation?
Extrinsic motivation is reward-driven behavior. It’s a type of operant conditioning. …
Being paid to do a job
is an example of extrinsic motivation. You may enjoy spending your day doing something other than work, but you’re motivated to go to work because you need a paycheck to pay your bills.
What is a motivated behavior?
Motivated behavior
arises through expectation of reward or avoidance of punishment
. … These include whether a reward will be delivered, how soon and how desirable a reward that might be delivered will be, and how aversive the effort to gain the reward is likely to be.
What is the connection between motivation and behavior?
Motivation has a
complicated relationship with behavior in addition to stimulating, guiding and maintaining behavior
. Behaviors of the same kind may have different motivations, i.e., different motivations are manifested by the same kind of behavior, and different behaviors may come from the same or similar motivation.
How do you motivate behavior to change?
- Express empathy (through reflective listening)
- Develop discrepancy (between the individual’s goals and their current behaviour) Avoid argumentation.
- Roll with resistance (acknowledge and explore the individual’s resistance to change, rather than opposing it)
- Support self-efficacy.
