a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person’s experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness. You just studied 14 terms!
Which of the following predicts how and when one will detect the presence of weak stimuli amidst background noise quizlet?
Signal detection theory
What does signal detection theory mean in psychology?
Signal detection theory (SDT) is
a technique that can be used to evaluate sensitivity in decision-making
. … The general premise of SDT is that decisions are made against a background of uncertainty, and the goal of the decision-maker is to tease out the decision signal from background noise.
What is the principle that to be perceived as different two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage?
| A B | the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount) Weber’s Law | diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation sensory adaptation |
|---|
What occurs when we detect a stimulus?
SUMMARY.
Sensation
occurs when sensory receptors detect sensory stimuli. Perception involves the organization, interpretation, and conscious experience of those sensations.
What is signal detection theory explain with two examples?
The word “signal” changes meaning depending on the situation or the example. For instance,
if someone gets injured, the doctor’s analysis can be measured
using signal detection theory. An example of a “hit” would be if the person pulls a muscle, and the doctor correctly diagnoses the injured person (response-yes).
What is the point of signal detection theory?
Signal detection theory (SDT) is used when psychologists
want to measure the way we make decisions under conditions of uncertainty
, such as how we would perceive distances in foggy conditions or during eyewitness identification.
What is the minimum amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect?
Absolute threshold
refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the time.
What four sensations does the touch sense include?
Pressure, temperature, light touch, vibration, pain and other sensations
are all part of the touch sense and are all attributed to different receptors in the skin.
How different do two stimuli need to be in order for a person to notice the difference?
Two lights need to
differ in intensity by eight percent
for us to notice a difference. The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount).
How does attention affect our perception?
Think of attention as a highlighter. … Not only does our attentional system allow us to focus on something specific in our environment while tuning out irrelevant details, but it also affects
our perception of the stimuli surrounding
us.
What is the difference between bottom-up and top-down processing?
Bottom-up processing begins with the retrieval of sensory information from our external environment to build perceptions based on the current input of sensory information. Top-down processing is the interpretation of incoming information based on prior knowledge, experiences, and
expectations
.
How does sensation affect our daily life?
Humans possess powerful sensory capacities that allow us to sense the kaleidoscope of sights, sounds, smells, and tastes that surround us. Our eyes detect light energy and our ears pick up sound waves.
Our skin senses touch, pressure, hot, and cold
.
Which is best explained by signal detection theory?
The leading explanation: signal detection theory, which at its most basic, states that
the detection of a stimulus depends on both the intensity of the stimulus and the physical/psychological state of the individual
. Basically, we notice things based on how strong they are and on how much we’re paying attention.
Who came up with signal detection theory?
The first development was by
Gustav Fechner
(1860/1966), who conceived of signal detection theory for the two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC
What is an example of Weber’s law?
Weber’s Law, also sometimes known as the Weber-Fechner Law, suggests that the just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the original stimulus. For example,
imagine that you presented a sound to a participant and then slowly increased the decibel levels.
