Cinchona officinalis is a medicinal plant, one of several Cinchona species used for the production of
quinine
, which is an anti-fever agent. It is especially useful in the prevention and treatment of malaria. Other alkaloids that are extracted from this tree include cinchonine, cinchonidine and quinidine.
Is Cinchona the same as quinine?
Cinchona bark contains
quinine
, which is a medicine used to treat malaria. It also contains quinidine which is a medicine used to treat heart palpitations (arrhythmias).
What is quinine scientific name?
Cinchona calisaya
(quinine)
Is quinine is obtained from cinchona plant?
Quinine is an alkaloid derived
from the bark of the South American cinchona tree
. It has been used as an antimalarial for over 350 years. It is effective against the asexual blood stages of all four Plasmodium spp. that cause malaria in humans, and is used for chloroquine-resistant P.
How do you extract quinine from cinchona bark?
GB 758173 (A), Quinine is extracted from the ground product obtained from the alkaline maceration of cinchona bark by
treating it with a solvent mixture of at least one hydrocarbon and a chlorinated hydrocarbon, ketone or alcohol
.
Why is quinine banned?
In early 2007, FDA banned all prescription quinine products other than Qualaquin. FDA acted in this manner because of
a perception that quinine is not effective for this condition and that its risk potential far exceeds its efficacy potential
.
Can I buy quinine?
What is quinine? The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has
banned the sale of all non-approved brands of quinine
. Do not purchase quinine on the Internet or from vendors outside of the United States. Quinine is used to treat uncomplicated malaria, a disease caused by parasites.
Why is quinine bad for you?
Among the most serious potential side effects associated with quinine are:
bleeding problems
.
kidney damage
.
abnormal heartbeat
.
Why is quinine in tonic water?
Quinine comes from the bark of the cinchona tree. This tree is native to central and South America, as well as some islands in the Caribbean and western parts of Africa. People have consumed quinine in tonic water
to help treat cases of malaria for centuries
.
What does quinine do in the body?
Quinine is
used to treat malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum
. Plasmodium falciparum is a parasite that gets into the red blood cells in the body and causes malaria. Quinine works by killing the parasite or preventing it from growing.
Is there a substitute for quinine?
Naftidrofuryl
is an effective alternative to quinine in the treatment of this painful condition.
How much Cinchona is quinine?
The TTB also states [link] on their “Pre-Import Supplemental Information” form that “Cinchona Bark may not contribute more than 83ppm of total alkaloids (Equivalent to 58ppm of quinine) to the finished alcoholic beverage.” This seems to indicate that quinine is about
70% of total cinchona alkaloids
.
Is quinine still used today?
The answer is yes, with some caveats.
Quinine is still used to treat malaria today
, although doctors typically reserve it for cases when the pathogen responsible for the disease displays resistance to newer drugs.
Is quinine toxic?
Quinine, termed a “general protoplasmic poison” is
toxic to many bacteria, yeasts, and trypanosomes
, as well as to malarial plasmodia. Quinine has local anesthetic action but also is an irritant. The irritant effects may be responsible in part for the nausea associated with its clinical use.
Is quinine a muscle relaxant?
While quinine is actually
an anti-malaria drug
, doctors have also used it for decades to treat muscle cramps, too. But back in 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cautioned against the off-label use of it to treat muscle cramps, citing 665 reports of serious effects from it, including 93 deaths.
Is quinine an antibiotic?
Quinine inhibits nucleic acid synthesis, protein synthesis, and glycolysis in Plasmodium falciparum and can bind with hemazoin in parasitized erythrocytes. PO quinine sulfate is indicated only for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Quinine should be taken with food to minimize GI discomfort.
