koseri and C. ferundii cause neonatal meningitis that can lead to brain abscesses
1 , 5
.
Citrobacter infections can be fatal
, with 33-48 % overall death rates, and 30% for neonates
6 , 7
. Infant survivors may experience significant damage to CNS, including profound retardation, hemiparesis, seizures, etc.
How serious is Citrobacter Freundii?
Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter koseri can
cause urinary tract infections
, and are found in wound, respiratory, meningitis, and sepsis. They can cause healthcare-associated infections, especially in pediatric and immunocompromised patients [41].
Where is Citrobacter Freundii normally found?
C. freundii is a soil organism, but can also be found in
water, sewage, food and in the intestinal tracts of animals and humans
. The genus Citrobacter was discovered in 1932 by Werkman and Gillen.
How do you treat Citrobacter Freundii?
Citrobacter freundii infection is usually treated with
antibiotics like fluoroquinolones, carbapenems and cephalosporins
. The treatment plan depends up on the vulnerability of the microbe to the antibiotics and the site of the infection.
How do you get Citrobacter?
Citrobacter species are commonly found in
water, soil, food, and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans
. Many Citrobacter infections are nosocomially acquired; however, they can also be community acquired. A large surveillance study demonstrated that 0.8% of Gram-negative infection was caused by Citrobacter spp.
How is Citrobacter Freundii transmitted?
MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Citrobacter may be spread
by direct contact with hospital staff members
, mother to child transmission or through ingestion of environmental sources (fecal-oral route) but person-to-person transmission is more prevalent
7 , 11
.
Can Citrobacter Freundii cause pneumonia?
Citrobacter spp. have been implicated in a wide array of disease processes, including urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and bacteremia.
What are the symptoms of Citrobacter Freundii?
Signs and Symptoms
Citrobacter freundii causes: ➢ Urinary tract infections which triggers: • A
burning sensation during
• Urination, increased urge to urinate, • Offensive smelling urine, • Scanty urination, • Blood in the urine • Fever • Burning or pain in the lower back and / or pelvis.
What causes Citrobacter Freundii UTI?
A frail immune system makes the body more vulnerable and predisposed to
C. freundii, thus triggering UTI or intestinal infection or meningitis. Hospitalized patients, especially those who have been hospitalized for a prolonged period of time, are more vulnerable to C. freundii infections.
How do you treat Citrobacter?
Treatment options can be
monotherapy
, with agents potentially active against Citrobacter spp. or combination therapy [8]. Aminoglycosides are important antibacterial agents since 1940s. Gentamicin and amikacin are the most commonly used aminoglycosides in clinical practice.
Can you get a urinary tract infection from a toilet seat?
It is unlikely for anyone to get a UTI
or STD from a toilet seat, as the urethra in males and females typically wouldn’t touch the toilet seat.
What is Citrobacter Freundii resistant to?
Of the 22 Citrobacter freundii isolates that were collected, 23% were resistant to
cefotaxime
, 86% to cefoxitin, 23% to ceftazidime, 43% to chloramphenicol, 23% to ciprofloxacin, 32% to gentamicin, 59% to sulfisoxazole, 45% to tetracycline, 41% were resistant to trimethoprim, and 27% tested positive for extended …
Does ciprofloxacin treat Citrobacter Freundii?
Ciprofloxacin is the
antibiotic treatment option for systemic infection or meningitis
caused by Citrobacter kosery. Ciprofloxacin has been used to treat neonatal pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia and was effective in all cases.
Where does Citrobacter grow?
Environments known to contain Citrobacter
Citrobacter are found in a variety of environmental sources, including
soil and water, and in the human intestines
. They are rarely the primary source of illness, though some strains can cause infections of the urinary tract, sepsis, and infant meningitis.
Does Citrobacter Freundii reduce sulfur?
They mentioned that this strain of Citrobacter is
able to reduce sulfate to sulfide
. The isolation of bacteria belongs to C. freundii with sulfate reduction capability shows that the diversity of SRB still has the possibility to be expanded (Zhang et al.
Where do you get Citrobacter Koseri?
Citrobacter koseri, a facultatively anaerobic, lactose-fermenting, gram-negative bacillus, belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. 4 It is
commonly found in soil and water, and in the intestinal tracts of animals and humans
.
