a- Postformal reasoning is universal across cultures . b- Ultimately, few adults demonstrate reflective judgment. ... d- Beginning college students are more likely to use reflective judgment.
What are the characteristics of Postformal thinking?
Postformal thought is often described as more flexible, logical, willing to accept moral and intellectual complexities , and dialectical than previous stages in development.
Who originated postformal thought?
It is an extension of Jean Piaget ‘ s concept of formal operations (see formal operational stage), which are developed in adolescence, to adult cognition and includes an understanding of the relative, nonabsolute nature of knowledge; an acceptance of contradiction as a basic aspect of reality; the ability to synthesize ...
Which of the following are the most prominent features of postformal thought in adults?
Such thinking has led some developmentalists to formulate a stage beyond Piaget's formal operations stage, which is called postformal thought. Postformal thought involves increased practicality, flexibility, and dialectics — that is, the adult is able to mentally accommodate conflicting or differing ideas.
What is an example of postformal reasoning?
Examples of Postformal Thought
The means of getting happiness or satisfaction are relative ―varies from person to person―but what we want to derive from them is absolute – the feeling. A person may have learned about diet and exercise in school or college.
What is the hallmark of Postformal thought?
The hallmark of this type of thinking is the ability to think abstractly or to consider possibilities and ideas about circumstances never directly experienced .
What is the Postformal stage?
The term “postformal” has come to refer to various stage characterizations of behavior that are more complex than those behaviors found in Piaget's last stage-formal operations-and generally seen only in adults. ... This field examines ways in which development continues in a positive direction during adulthood.
What is Piaget's postformal thought?
Beyond Formal Operational Thought: Postformal Thought
In the adolescence module, we discussed Piaget's formal operational thought. The hallmark of this type of thinking is the ability to think abstractly or to consider possibilities and ideas about circumstances never directly experienced .
What is a key feature of dialectical thought quizlet?
dialectical thought. The most advanced cognitive process, characterized by the ability to consider a thesis and its antithesis simultaneously and thus to arrive at a synthesis . Dialectical thought makes possible an ongoing awareness of pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages, possibilities and limitations.
What is postformal thought quizlet?
Postformal thought – a proposed adult stage of cognitive development , following Piaget's four stages, that goes beyond adolescent thinking by being more practical, more flexible, and more dialectical ( that is, more capable of combining elements into a comprehensive whole).
What happens intellectually during early adulthood?
Early Adulthood:
During early adulthood, individuals continue to develop logical thinking . This is now applied (alongside skills and knowledge) into the workplace, where they are tasked to problem solve and make decisions about more complex situations.
What constitutes the highest level of thinking in adulthood?
crystallized intelligence . Which constitutes the highest level of thinking in adulthood? Jason believes that gun control is absolutely wrong, and that the right to possess guns is an absolute right.
What are some of the characteristics of adult cognition?
Adults are characterized by maturity, self-confidence, autonomy, solid decision-making , and are generally more practical, multi-tasking, purposeful, self-directed, experienced, and less open-minded and receptive to change. All these traits affect their motivation, as well as their ability to learn.
Do adults use formal operations?
In fact, most adults do not regularly demonstrate formal operational thought , and in small villages and tribal communities, it is barely used at all. A possible explanation is that an individual's thinking has not been sufficiently challenged to demonstrate formal operational thought in all areas.
What are the cognitive changes in middle adulthood?
While memorization skills and perceptual speed both start to decline in young adulthood, verbal abilities, spatial reasoning, simple math abilities and abstract reasoning skills all improve in middle age. Cognitive skills in the aging brain have also been studied extensively in pilots and air-traffic controllers.
Which of the following is a major risk associated with weight gain during early to middle adulthood?
Weight gain from early adulthood (age 18 or 21 years) to age 55 was associated with an increased risk of major chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes , hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and death, and a decreased odds of healthy aging, according to a study published by JAMA.
