Negative reinforcement
involves the presence of an aversive stimulus which is removed contingent upon a target behavior. The presence of particularly aversive antecedent stimuli may be problematic. These stimuli may generate undesirable competing behaviors.
What do we call the contingent removal of an undesirable stimulus which strengthens future behavior?
negative punishment
. Application of an aversive stimulus contingent upon behavior. Removal of a pleasant or desirable stimulus contingent upon behavior.
When a behavior occurs and is followed by the removal of a stimulus that results?
Negative Reinforcement
In an attempt to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future, an operant response is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus. This is negative reinforcement.
What type of contingency involves the presentation of an aversive stimulus?
| Term Avoidance Contingency Definition a contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus | Term social negative reinforcement Definition When the actions of someone else remove the aversive stimuli |
|---|
When a stimulus is given to the person contingent upon their behavior and this serves to decrease the future frequency of that behavior it is called?
Punishment is defined as a contingency that results in a decrease in the future rate of a response. The contingent stimuli or events used are referred to as
punishers
. Punishers fall within two categories, unconditioned or conditioned.
What are examples of positive punishment?
With positive punishment, you add something unpleasant in response to a behavior. For example, a
child chews gum in class
, which is against the rules. The punishment is the teacher disciplining them in front of the class. The child stops chewing gum in glass.
What kinds of reinforcements seem to be the most successful?
3
Positive reinforcement
is most effective when it occurs immediately after the behavior. Reinforcement should be presented enthusiastically and should occur frequently. Deliver reinforcement quickly: A shorter time between a behavior and positive reinforcement makes a stronger connection between the two.
When a stimulus is taken away the behavior that caused it to be taken away increases?
Negative reinforcement
occurs when a certain stimulus (usually an aversive stimulus) is removed after a particular behavior is exhibited. The likelihood of the particular behavior occurring again in the future is increased because of removing/avoiding the negative consequence.
What is an example of punishment by removal?
For example,
when a student talks out of turn in the middle of class, the teacher might scold the child for interrupting
. Negative punishment: This type of punishment is also known as “punishment by removal.” Negative punishment involves taking away a desirable stimulus after a behavior has occurred.
How can unpleasant stimuli affect our behavior?
How can unpleasant stimuli affect our behavior? Using an unpleasant stimuli can affect behavior
by taking away bad behavior
. A person would not want to interact with a bad stimuli so they will coordinate their behavior to not have the bad stimuli.
Is timeout a positive punishment?
In Applied Behavior Analysis verbiage (ABA), time out is considered a
negative punishment procedure
. The “negative” means something is removed and the “punishment” refers to decreasing a behavior. … The “positive” means something is added and the “reinforcement” refers to increasing behavior.
Which type of stimulus following a behavior removes something that is unpleasant?
Positive reinforcement strengthens a response by presenting something that is typically pleasant after the response, whereas
negative reinforcement
strengthens a response by reducing or removing something that is typically unpleasant.
When a behavior occurs it is followed by the presentation of a stimulus that causes a future decrease in the behavior this is known as?
When a behavior occurs and is followed by the presentation of a stimulus that results in a decrease in the behavior in the future, it is referred to as:
positive punishment
. You just studied 42 terms!
What are the 4 types of contingencies?
The four contingencies are
positive and negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction
.
What are the four types of consequences?
Research has shown that there are four main types of consequences of behavior. These are
positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment
.
What are positive contingencies?
Positive contingency:
the CS signals an increase in the probability that the US will occur (compared to before the CS)
. Negative contingency: the CS signals a decrease in the probability that the US will occur (compared to before the CS).
