One such phenomenon is known as
the “attentional blink
.” In this case, there is a difficulty in perceiving and responding to the second of two target stimuli amid a rapid stream of distracting stimuli if the observer has responded to the first target stimulus within 200 to 500 ms before the second stimulus is presented …
What is the term for the period of time between the onset of one stimulus and the onset of another?
Stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA)
is a measure used in experimental psychology. SOA denotes the amount of time between the start of one stimulus, S1, and the start of another stimulus, S2 (Figure 1). In this respect, a stimulus may consist of, e.g., a presented image, sound or printed word.
What is selective attention quizlet?
selective attention.
the focusing of attention on selected aspects of the environment and the blocking out of others
.
What is a feature search quizlet?
Feature Search.
search for a target defined by a single attribute
, such as a salient color or orientation. ( easy, little effort)
Which statement is incorrect about feature and conjunction search?
For instance, in multiple studies conjunction searches
have not yielded
serial functions (e.g., Carrasco, Evert, Chang, & Katz, 1995; Egeth, Virzi, & Garbart, 1984; McLeod, Driver, & Crisp, 1988; Nakayama & Silverman, 1986); in conjunction tasks, search slopes have been shown to progress from steep (serial) to flat ( …
When measuring reaction time what is the Rt we measure?
Reaction time (RT) tests are known as simple and sensitive tests for detecting variation in cognitive efficiency. RT tests measure
the elapsed time between a stimulus and the individual’s response to it
.
What is the all or nothing principle in psychology?
The all-or-none law is a principle that
states that the strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus
. … Essentially, there will either be a full response or there will be no response at all for an individual neuron or muscle fiber.
Which of the following most likely occurs due to confirmation bias?
Which of the following occurs most likely due to confirmation bias?
A manager believes his actions are correct and ignores evidence that proves that his actions are incorrect
.
Which of the following refers to the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us?
Perception
refers to the set of processes we use to make sense of the different stimuli we’re presented with. … After we receive and organize stimuli, we can interpret those stimuli, which simply means that we take the information and turn it into something that we can categorize.
Why is it important to be aware of your inattentional blindness?
Specifically, it reveals
the role of selective attention in perception
. Inattentional blindness represents a consequence of this critical process that allows us to remain focused on important aspects of our world without distraction from irrelevant objects and events.
Which component of attention is associated with the pulvinar?
The pulvinar is important in selective attention, particularly to visual stimuli under the focus of attention. However, the pulvinar is assumed to process emotional stimuli even outside the focus of attention, because of its tight connection with the
amygdala
.
How does feature integration theory address the binding problem?
Feature integration theory implies that binding errors
occur if attention is not deployed to a certain location
. … Hence, illusory conjunctions do not result from “hallucinations.” Patients with deficits in certain brain regions, related to attention, show such illusory conjunctions also if attention is not distracted.
What is a conjunction search?
a search task in which the target has two or more relevant features
. According to feature-integration theory, conjunction search proceeds in a serial manner.
What does feature integration theory proposed about the role of attention in perception?
Feature integration theory is a theory of attention developed in 1980 by Anne Treisman and Garry Gelade that suggests that
when perceiving a stimulus, features are “registered early, automatically, and in parallel, while objects are identified separately” and at a later stage in processing
.
How does Treisman’s feature integration theory deal with the binding problem?
In her feature integration theory, Treisman suggested that
binding between features is mediated by the features’ links to a common location
. Psychophysical demonstrations of binding failures under conditions of full attention provide support for the idea that binding is accomplished through common location tags.
Is 400 ms reaction time good?
It’s not good
, it’s impossible. The fastest recorded human reaction times to visual stumuli are around 120 ms while the average is well over 200 ms. While auditory reactions are noticeably faster they are still above 100 ms.
Do athletes have faster reaction times?
The visual reaction time results revealed that
athletes have faster reaction time scores as compared
to non-athletes, whereas with visual anticipation time, athletes had fewer errors and a higher consistency compared to non-athletes.
What is reuptake psychology?
n.
the process by which neurotransmitter molecules that have been released at a synapse are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron that released them
. Reuptake is performed by transporter proteins in the presynaptic membrane.
What is simples reaction time?
The Simple Reaction Time task measures simple reaction time, general alertness and motor speed through delivery of a known stimulus to a known location to elicit a known response.
What causes Epsps and Ipsps?
EPSP and IPSP are the two types of electric charges found on the membrane of the postsynaptic nerve at the synapse. The EPSP is caused by the flow of positively-charged ions into the postsynaptic nerve whereas,
the IPSP is caused by the flow of negatively-charged ions into the postsynaptic nerve
.
Does the strength of a stimulus affect the speed of an action potential?
Increasing a stimulus above the threshold(will/will not) increase the neural impulse’s intensity. This phenomenon is called an ALL- OR – NOTHING response. The strength of a stimulus
(does/does not)
affect the speed of an action potential.
How does confirmation bias affect decision making?
This bias can lead us to make poor decisions because it distorts the reality from which we draw evidence. Under experimental conditions, decision-makers have a
tendency to actively seek information and assign greater value to evidence confirming their existing beliefs
rather than entertaining new ones.
Which decision making bias refers to a decision maker’s tendency to assess how likely something is to happen or how closely it resembles other events or sets of events?
Representation bias
– when decision makers assess the likelihood of an event based on how closely it resembles other events or sets of events. Hindsight bias – the tendency for decision makers to falsely believe that they would have accurately predicted the outcome of an event once that outcome is actually known.
What is confirmation bias in decision making?
confirmation bias, the
tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with one’s existing beliefs
. This biased approach to decision making is largely unintentional and often results in ignoring inconsistent information.
Which of the following refers to the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us quizlet?
Which of the following refers to the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us?
categorical thinking
.
Which of the following refers to the fact that motivation is goal directed?
Intensity
refers to the fact that motivation is goal-directed, not random.
Why do we fail to perceive stimuli?
We sometimes fail to perceive stimuli during
change blindness because we are unaware of our environment changes
, therefore, we fail to perceive the recognition of environmental stimuli. … absolute threshold is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus, or our senses, 50% of the time.
What are the implications of inattentional blindness on our real lives?
“One conclusion of the inattentional blindness work
has been that we see far less of our world than we think we do
,” says Simons. “Moore and Egeth’s work shows that we consciously see far less of our world than we think we do. We might well encode much of our visual world without awareness.”
What is a conjunction target?
Conjunction search targets are
horizontal pink or vertical blue bars
. Characters. This version uses the same conditions and trial counts as the default configuration, but new stimuli. Distractors are pink “o” and blue “+” characters.
Which of the following best represents the amount of effort allocated to a particular goal?
22. Which of the following best represents the amount of effort allocated to a particular goal? Feedback:
Intensity
is the amount of effort allocated to a certain goal.
Why do we generally fail to perceive important information in a video we are watching?
It’s logical to think that you see whenever your eyes are open. But the reality is that attention plays a major role in visual perception. One of the primary reasons why you may fail to notice things like obvious bloopers in movies, for example, is a psychological phenomenon known as
inattentional blindness
.
What is the attentional blink paradigm?
The attentional blink (AB) paradigm
measures the temporal capacity limits of attention
(Dux and Marois, 2009). In the standard AB task, identification of a first target (T1) during a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream transiently impairs the ability to detect a second target (T2) (see Figure 1A).
Is pop-out search serial?
In serial search mode, the target and the distractors share properties that make the target harder to find, and
no pop-out is facilitated
. In this case, reaction time depends on the number of distractors, and performance indicates a serial scanning through the visual scene until the target is detected.
How a stimulus is perceived depends on our perceptual?
How a stimulus is perceived depends on our perceptual schemas and the … in which it is experienced. The context of a stimulus creates a (top-down/bottom-up) expectation that influences our perception as we match our (top-down/bottom-up) signal against it.
Which statement best characterizes the insula’s role in emotional processing?
Which statement best characterizes the insula’s role in emotional processing?
The insula processes interoception and bodily states, and plays a role in connecting the physiology of emotion with emotional state.
What do mentalizing tasks have in common with attentional cueing tasks?
What do mentalizing tasks have in common with attentional cuing tasks? Both
tasks have strong social cognition components
. Both tasks strongly engage the right anterior cingulate. Both tasks require that participants direct their attention away from invalid information.
What is feature binding and why is this important?
Feature binding is the process by which different characteristics, such as,
orientation, size, shape, color, and location, are integrated to create an object
. Binding is a necessary process for accurate perception of the world. … Objects in the real world differ in space as well as time.
What causes the binding problem?
In its most general form, “The Binding Problem” concerns
how items that are encoded by distinct brain circuits can be combined for perception, decision, and action
. In Science, something is called “a problem” when there is no plausible model for its substrate.
When we distribute our attention across two or more tasks This is known as?
Multitasking and divided
Multitasking can be defined as the attempt to perform two or more tasks simultaneously; however, research shows that when multitasking, people make more mistakes or perform their tasks more slowly. Attention must be divided among all of the component tasks to perform them.
When attention is diverted or overloaded participants make integration Error This phenomena is known as?
Inattentional blindness
occurs when there is an interaction between an individual’s attentional set and the salience of the unexpected stimulus. Recognizing the unexpected stimulus can occur when the characteristics of the unexpected stimulus resembles the characteristics of the perceived stimuli.
