Why Is Confounding Important? Confounding is an important concept in epidemiology, because, if present, it can cause an over- or under- estimate of the observed association between exposure and health outcome. The distortion introduced by a confounding factor can be large, and it can even change the apparent direction of an effect. Why are confounding
Is A Confounding Variable A Response Variable? A confounding variable is a variable that: – affects the response variable and also – is related to the explanatory variable. Example: Admit (yes/no) is response variable and GPA is explanatory variable. Possible confounding variable is general ambition. What is a confounding variable in an experiment? A confounding
What Does A Lurking Variable Effect? A lurking variable is a variable that is not measured in the study. It is a third variable that is neither the explanatory nor the response variable, but it affects your interpretation of the relationship between the explanatory and response variables. Why are lurking variables bad? A lurking variable