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Can A Valid Argument Be Weak?

An argument may be weak

, therefore, because it is ill-formed. Or in cases where it is valid or cogent, then it may be weak because you fail to believe that the premises are true. You may disagree with one or more of the premises, or you may be inclined to suspend judgement.

Are valid arguments strong or weak?

VALID: If all the premises are true, the conclusion follows with certainty. STRONG: If all the premises are true, the conclusion follows with high probability.

WEAK

: If all the premises are true, the conclusion follows neither with certainty nor with high probability.

Are all valid arguments strong?

If an argument has all false premises

Does a valid argument have to be true?

FALSE:

A valid argument must have a true conclusion only if all of the premises are true

. So it is possible for a valid argument to have a false conclusion as long as at least one premise is false. … A sound argument must have a true conclusion. TRUE: If an argument is sound, then it is valid and has all true premises.

Can invalid arguments be good arguments?

The truth of the premises doesn’t guarantee the truth of the conclusion. That’s ALL it means to call an argument “invalid”. In particular, it doesn’t imply that the argument is bad. As we’ll see in the next lecture, invalid arguments can still be good arguments.

What are the 4 types of arguments?

Hence there are four types of arguments:

conclusive a priori, defeasible a priori, defeasible a posteriori, and prima facie conclusive a posteriori

.

What is a weak argument?

A weak argument is a

non-deductive argument

How can you tell if an argument is valid?

Valid: an argument is valid if and only

if it is necessary that if all of the premises are true

, then the conclusion is true; if all the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true; it is impossible that all the premises are true and the conclusion is false.

Can an invalid argument have a true conclusion?

If an invalid argument has all true premises, then

the conclusion must be false

. FALSE: It is possible for an invalid argument to have all true premises and a true conclusion.

What is the difference between valid arguments and fallacious arguments?

Valid arguments are those that are developed carefully and that follow the rules of logic. Fallacious arguments, on the other hand, usually appear to be correct but in fact are designed in

a faulty way

.

Can an argument be sound but invalid?

A sound argument

must have a true conclusion

. TRUE: If an argument is sound, then it is valid and has all true premises. … If an invalid argument has all true premises, then the conclusion must be false. FALSE: It is possible for an invalid argument to have all true premises and a true conclusion.

What is an invalid argument called?

An invalid argument is also known as

a fallacy

. Some authors use the term unsound argument to mean invalid argument. However, because of the confusion about the meaning of sound argument, which can be used to mean either valid argument or proof, it is recommended that this term not be used.

Why is arguing bad?

Scientists have now found that particularly

hostile arguments among couples could harm their health

, starting with their gut. A team of researchers at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center found that couples who had particularly hostile disagreements had higher levels of bacteria measured in their blood.

How do you win an argument?

Stay calm. …
Use facts as evidence for your position. …
Ask questions. …
Use logic. …
Appeal to higher values. …
Listen carefully. …
Be prepared to concede a good point. …
Study your opponent.

What qualifies an argument?

Qualifying an argument refers to

providing more information

. One qualifies an argument by explaining, in more or greater detail, the qualities or characteristics that are relevant to the topic. So, defending an argument is supporting a specific side of the discussion.

Can A Valid Deductive Argument Be Unsound?

A deductive argument is sound if and only if it is

both valid

, and all of its premises are actually true. Otherwise, a deductive argument is unsound. … In effect, an argument is valid if the truth of the premises logically guarantees the truth of the conclusion.

Can an argument be valid and unsound?

By definition, a valid argument cannot have a false conclusion and all true premises. So if a valid argument has a false conclusion it must have some false premise

What is an unsound deductive argument?

An unsound deductive argument is

a deductive argument with at least one false premise

Can a valid deductive argument be unsound quizlet?

A deductive argument is sound if its conclusion follows necessarily from its premises and its premises are true. Can a valid deductive argument be unsound? A.

Yes, since the argument’s conclusion could be true without it necessarily following from its premises

.

What is an unsound valid argument?

An unsound argument is either an invalid argument or

a valid argument with at least one false premise

What are some examples of deductive arguments?

All men are mortal. Joe is a man. Therefore Joe is mortal. …
Bachelors are unmarried men. Bill is unmarried. Therefore, Bill is a bachelor.
To get a Bachelor’s degree at Utah Sate University, a student must have 120 credits. Sally has more than 130 credits.

What is an example of a valid deductive argument?

In a valid deductive argument, if the premises are true, it is impossible for the conclusion to be false. … That example with

dogs, snakes, and birds

is valid, because the reasoning works. If those premises were true, the conclusion would necessarily follow.

How do you write a deductive argument?

Deductive reasoning usually follows steps. First, there is a premise, then a second premise, and finally an inference. A common form of deductive reasoning is the syllogism, in which two statements — a major premise and a minor premise —

reach a logical conclusion

.

Which of the following is the best definition of validity in a deductive argument?

A deductive argument is valid

if its conclusion follows necessarily from its premises and its conclusion is true

.

What is the primary distinction between a deductive and inductive argument?

The main difference between inductive and deductive reasoning is that

inductive reasoning aims at developing a theory while deductive reasoning aims at testing an existing theory

. Inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to broad generalizations, and deductive reasoning the other way around.

What is an example of a valid but unsound argument?

Looking back to our argument

about ducks and rabbits

, we can see that it is valid, but not sound. It is not sound because it does not have all true premises. In fact, NEITHER of its premises are true. So, the argument about Chad, ducks, and rabbits is valid, but NOT sound.

Are all invalid arguments unsound?

If

a deductive argument is invalid

, then it must also be unsound. If an argument is invalid, then it must have at least one false premise

What is a good argument?

A good argument is an

argument that is either valid or strong, and with plausible premises that are true, do not beg the question, and are relevant to the conclusion

. … “Since the conclusion of the argument is false, all its premises are false.” “The conclusion of this argument does not follow from the premises.

How do you identify a deductive argument?

If the arguer believes that the truth of the premises definitely establishes the truth of the conclusion

, then the argument is deductive. If the arguer believes that the truth of the premises provides only good reasons to believe the conclusion is probably true, then the argument is inductive.

What is the meaning of deductive argument?

Definition: A deductive argument is

an argument for which the premises are offered to provide logically conclusive support for its conclusion

.

What is an example of deductive and inductive arguments?

Inductive Reasoning:

Most of our snowstorms come from the north

. It’s starting to snow. This snowstorm must be coming from the north. Deductive Reasoning: All of our snowstorms come from the north.

What Makes A Sound Argument?

A sound argument is

a valid argument that has true premises

. A cogent argument is a strong non-deductive argument

Can a sound argument have false premises?

FALSE.

A valid argument

Does a sound argument have to be valid?

A sound argument

must have a true conclusion

. TRUE: If an argument is sound, then it is valid and has all true premises. Since it is valid, the argument is such that if all the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true. … If an invalid argument has all true premises, then the conclusion must be false.

Can an argument be sound but not valid quizlet?

A sound argument is a valid deductive argument with true premisses. A

deductive argument cannot be both valid and unsound

. A deductive argument can be either valid or invalid and still have true premisses. When the conclusion of a deductive argument is true, the argument must be sound.

Can an invalid argument be made valid?

True or False? If an argument is invalid then it will remain invalid if we add further premises in support of the conclusion. An argument is

valid if and only if it is an instance of a valid argument form

What is an example of sound argument?

A sound argument is one that is not only valid, but begins with premises that are actually true. The example given about

toasters is valid

, but not sound. … Here, not only do the premises provide the right sort of support for the conclusion, but the premises are actually true. Therefore, so is the conclusion.

What is an example of a cogent argument?

A cogent argument is one that the truth of its premise makes the conclusion more likely to be true than false. Example: 1.

Most birds can fly

.

Is it possible to have an argument that is both invalid and sound?

It should be noted that

both invalid

, as well as valid but unsound, arguments can nevertheless have true conclusions. One cannot reject the conclusion of an argument simply by discovering a given argument for that conclusion to be flawed.

What is a valid argument PHI103?

Valid: an argument is valid if and

only if it is necessary that if all of the premises are true, then the conclusion is true

; if all the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true; it is impossible that all the premises are true and the conclusion is false. … If this is possible, the argument is invalid.

Are all invalid arguments unsound?

If

a deductive argument is invalid

, then it must also be unsound. If an argument is invalid, then it must have at least one false premise

How do you know if an argument is valid or invalid?

Valid: an argument is valid if and only if it is necessary that if all of the premises are true, then the conclusion is true; if all the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true; it is impossible that all the premises are true and the conclusion is false. …

If this is possible

, the argument is invalid.

What is an example of an invalid argument?

An argument can be invalid

even if the conclusion and the premises are all actually true

. To give you another example, here is another invalid argument with a true premise and a true conclusion : “Paris is the capital of France. So Rome is the capital of Italy.” .

Are some propositions invalid?

An

invalid argument may have true or false premises

, and a true or false conclusion. A valid argument may have false premises with either a true or a false conclusion. The only combination that is ruled out is a valid argument with true premises and a false conclusion. Sound arguments always have true conclusions.

What is a good argument?

What two things make a sound argument?

Soundness: An argument is sound if it meets these two criteria: (1) It is valid.

(2) Its premises are true

. In other words, a sound argument has the right form AND it is true. Note #3: A sound argument will always have a true conclusion.

What is a strong argument?

Definition: A strong argument is

a non-deductive argument

Is It Possible To Have An Argument That Is Strong And Weak?

explanation:

An argument cannot be both strong and weak

. Either a set of premises will make a conclusion likely to be true or it will not. So, even though one argument can be stronger than another or weaker than another, a single argument will either be strong or else it will be weak.

Can an argument be strong but invalid?

It is important to keep in mind that just because an argument does have a possibly valid combination of premise-conclusion truth values (for example, true premises and true conclusion), it is not necessarily valid. It must also be logically strong. …

The argument’s form is invalid

.

Is it possible to have an argument that is weak and Uncogent?

If an argument is strong and has only true premises, then it is cogent. If an argument is strong, then it is possible that its conclusion is false even if its premises are true. If

an argument is weak, then it is uncogent

. … If an argument is uncogent, then it is weak.

What does it mean for an argument to be strong or weak quizlet?

Strong Inductive Argument

. An inductive argument in which the truth of the premises really DOES prove that the conclusion is probably true. Weak Inductive Argument. An inductive argument in which the truth of the premises really does NOT prove that the conclusion is probably true.

Can a valid arguments be strong or weak?

When it comes to invalid arguments, you should know that they are unsound or weak. Valid arguments are known to be very sound when the premises is true. Arguments based on inductive reasoning can either be weak or strong. The weak argument is not convent but

strong arguments are strong

if only the premises is true.

What are the 4 types of arguments?

Type 1: Deductive Arguments.
Type 2: Inductive Arguments.
Type 3: Toulmin Argument.
Type 4: Rogerian Argument.

What is a weak argument?

A weak argument is a

non-deductive argument that fails to provide probable support for its conclusion

.

What is a good argument?

What are valid and invalid arguments?

What is an sound argument?

A sound argument is

a valid argument that has true premises

. A cogent argument is a strong non-deductive argument that has true premises. … By that, we mean that, if the premises are true, then the conclusion would be given the appropriate support for also being true.

How do you know if an argument is cogent?

To say an argument is cogent is

to say it is good, believable; there is good evidence that the conclusion is true

. A weak argument cannot be cogent, nor can a strong one with a false premise(s). The concept of true premises sometimes bothers people.

What is validity of argument?

Validity, In logic, the

property of an argument consisting in the fact that the truth of the premises logically guarantees the truth of the conclusion

. Whenever the premises are true, the conclusion must be true, because of the form of the argument.

How do you say a weak argument?

There are a few ways in which an argument can be weak. It could be weak on its own merits (e.g. the facts are not substantial, or the logic is not entirely sound). In this case, the words tenuous,

insubstantial, shaky, flimsy

and others suggested here may be variously appropriate.

Why is an argument weak?

So a weak argument is one that

fails either logically or the person considering the argument doesn

‘t accept one or more of the premises. An argument may be weak, therefore, because it is ill-formed. Or in cases where it is valid or cogent, then it may be weak because you fail to believe that the premises are true.

What is required for an inductive argument to be strong?

An inductive argument is an argument that is intended by the arguer to be

strong enough that, if the premises were to be true, then it would be unlikely that the conclusion is false

. … An inductive argument can be affected by acquiring new premises (evidence), but a deductive argument cannot be.