Why Did The Supreme Court Rule Against Barbara Grutter In Her Attempt To Gain Admission Into The University Of Michigan Law School? Grutter alleged that the school made race a “predominate” factor in admissions decisions and that the school intentionally discriminated against whites, and that this violated the Fourteenth Amendment, which forbids states from denying
What Did The Court Suggest As A Way For The University To Use Racial Criteria And Not Violate The Constitution? Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court ruled that a university’s use of racial “quotas” in its admissions process was unconstitutional, but a school’s use of “affirmative action” to accept more minority applicants was constitutional in some
What Ended Affirmative Action? What ended affirmative action? The other six bans were approved at the ballot. The 1996 Hopwood v. Texas decision effectively barred affirmative action in the three states within the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit—Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas—until Grutter v. Bollinger abrogated it in 2003. When did affirmative