How Many Popes Have There Been Since Pope John Paul II? The number given by the Vatican is 265, including Pope Benedict XVI, the former German cardinal who was elected on April 19, 2005, to succeed John Paul II (1920–2005). (Other lists cite 266 popes; the discrepancy arises around Stephen II, who died in 752
Which Pope Excommunicated Henry IV? Gregory VII wrote back a letter in the same year, 1076, and declared the excommunication of Henry IV. In fact, he fired Henry IV. Who ended up excommunicated Emperor Henry IV? By then Henry was caught up in a war with the Duke of Swabia, a region in Germany, and
Why Was Otto Crowned Holy Roman Emperor? Following the example of Charlemagne’s coronation as “Emperor of the Romans” in 800, Otto was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962 by Pope John XII in Rome. … Reigning from Rome, Otto sought to improve relations with the Byzantine Empire, which opposed his claim to emperorship and his
What Was The Controversy Over Lay Investiture How Was It Resolved? A dispute between the secular and ecclesiastical powers known as the Investiture Controversy emerged beginning in the mid-11th century. The Investiture Controversy was resolved with the Concordat of Worms in 1122, which gave the church power over investiture, along with other reforms. What ended
What Does Pope Gregory VII Think Is The Proper Relationship Between The Church And Secular Authority? He worked to bring spiritual reform to the church by increasing the power and authority of the popes. Gregory believed that the church was the supreme authority on earth; he felt that rulers and ordinary people alike were all
What Goals Did Leo IX Have As Pope? Papal reforms. Leo IX’s aim was the eradication of what he saw as the chief evils of the time—that is, concubinage (clerical marriage), simony (buying and selling of ecclesiastical offices), and lay investiture (conferment of an ecclesiastical office by a lay ruler). What is pope Leo IX
Which Two Types Of Leaders Controlled Most Of European Society During The Middle Ages? Popes and kings dominated European society in the Middle Ages. Why did Pope Gregory VII excommunicate Henry IV? Why did Pope Gregory VII excommunicate Emperor Henry IV? Henry thought he had the power to choose bishops and church officials, but Pope
Who Was The Longest Reigning Pope? Bl. Pius IX (1846–1878): 31 years, 7 months and 23 days (11,560 days). St. John Paul II (1978–2005): 26 years, 5 months and 18 days (9,665 days). Who was the longest reigning pope in history? Pius IX (Italian: Pio IX, Pio Nono; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May
What Was The Movement That Challenged The Catholic Church Called? Martin Luther at the Diet of Worms What was the movement against the Catholic Church? The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the
Who Wrote Lumen Gentium? Lumen gentium, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, is one of the principal documents of the Second Vatican Council. This dogmatic constitution was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on 21 November 1964, following approval by the assembled bishops by a vote of 2,151 to 5. What was the focus of Lumen