Were there steps the students could have taken other than filing a lawsuit?
Yes
, the students could've worked out a compromise with the principal/school before jumping to such drastic measures.
Were the concerns Principal Reynolds had regarding the two articles legitimate Why or why not?
Principal Reynolds was
concerned that people would be able to identify the pregnant teens who were interviewed for one of the articles
. He was also concerned that, in a separate article, a father who was criticized was not given the opportunity to respond to the accusations made against him in the article.
Under what conditions did the court rule that school officials could exercise editorial control over student speech?
School officials are allowed to censor student speech, including a student publication that is curricular and not a public forum, when they can demonstrate that
their censorship is “reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical [educational] concerns
.” If censorship serves no valid educational purpose, it is prohibited.
What is the Hazelwood test?
The Hazelwood case established student newspapers as “
limited public forums
“. This means schools may exercise prior restraint regarding the “style and content” of a student newspaper so long as their action is “not unreasonable”, whereas there previously had to be compelling evidence to warrant censorship.
What happened in Hazelwood School District v Kuhlmeier?
In Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 484 U.S. 260 (1988),
the Supreme Court held that schools may restrict what is published in student newspapers if the papers have not been established as public forums
.
Who won the case of Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier?
Decision: In 1988,
the Supreme Court
, with one vacancy, handed down a 5-3 decision in favor of the school. The Court reversed the appellate court, and said that public schools do not have to allow student speech if it is inconsistent with the schools' educational mission.
Who is Cathy Kuhlmeier?
Cathy Kuhlmeier, subject of the
Hazelwood
School District v. Kuhlmeier Supreme Court case, discussed being on the side of students in K-12. … When Kuhlmeier and her peers attemped to publish stories about abortion and divorce in their school newspaper, their principal rejected the stories.
How did the court distinguish between its decision in the Tinker case and the present case?
The court distinguished its decision between the Tinker case and the Hazelwood case
because Tinkers case gave students the right to express their political opinions about the Vietnam War and Hazelwood was a part of the school curriculum for teaching and learning
.
Are not automatically coextensive with the rights of adults in other settings?
The Supreme Court has held that the
constitutional rights of students in public school
are not automatically coextensive with the rights of adults in other settings and that the rights of students must be applied in light of the special characteristics of the school environment.
What does the court mean by legitimate pedagogical concerns?
The “legitimate pedagogical concerns” the Hazelwood decision listed as grounds for censorship include: • Material that is “
ungrammatical, poorly written, inadequately researched, biased or prejudiced, vulgar or profane or unsuitable for immature audiences
.”
What are the 2 Supreme Court cases that are significant to high school journalism?
- New York Times Co. vs. United States (1971)
- Gertz vs. Robert Welch, Inc. (1974) …
- Curtis Publishing v. Butts (1966) ” ” …
- New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964) …
- Chandler v. Florida (1981) ” ” …
- Cohen v. Cowles Media Co. (1982) …
- Branzburg v. Hayes (1971) …
- Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) …
Can a principal censor a school newspaper?
Kuhlmeier, the high court ruled that school officials can censor school-sponsored publications
if their decision is “reasonably related to a legitimate pedagogical purpose
.” This means school officials must show that they have a reasonable educational reason for censoring the material.
Which case ruled that symbolic passive student speech is not disruptive to the school?
Tinker v. Des Moines
Independent Community School District, 1969.
What was the Morse v Frederick case about and who won the case?
Morse v. Frederick, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on June 25, 2007, ruled (5–4) that
Alaskan school officials had not violated a student's First Amendment freedom of speech rights after suspending him for displaying
, at a school event, a banner that was seen as promoting illegal drug use.
Who was the plaintiff in Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier?
Plaintiffs are or were
members of a journalism class at Hazelwood East and on the staff of the Hazelwood East student newspaper, Spectrum
. Each plaintiff also holds or held a position on the Spectrum staff, such as lay-out editor, news writer, movie reviewer, feature writer, and cartoon editor.
