What two factors indicate the carrying power of a stream? The carrying power of a stream is indicated by both the total amount of sediment in the stream and by the size of the particles being moved the stream .
What two factors indicate the carrying power of a stream?
Stream capacity is the maximum amount of solid load (bed and suspended) a stream can carry. It depends on both the discharge and the velocity (since velocity affects the competence and therefore the range of particle sizes that may be transported).
What factors increase stream load?
Stream load is directly proportional to stream velocity and stream gradient and relates the amount of material transported past a point during a specified time interval. The greater the velocity, the greater the sum of the mass that can be transported by a stream (stream load).
What are the two types of stream deposition?
- Alluvial – type of Fluvial deposit. ...
- Aeolian – Processes due to wind activity. ...
- Fluvial – processes due to moving water, mainly streams. ...
- Lacustrine – processes due to moving water, mainly lakes.
What are 3 ways streams carry sediment?
Streams transport their load of sediment in three ways: in solution (dissolved load), in suspension (suspended load) , or scooting or rolling along the river bottom (bed load).
What factor most influences the power of a stream to erode and transport material?
What factor most influences the power of a stream to erode and transport material? The stream’s velocity is the most influencing factor. How do gradient and discharge change between a stream’s headwaters and its mouth? While gradient decreases between a stream’s headwaters and mouth, discharge increases.
What factors affect stream speed?
The velocity of a river is determined by many factors, including the shape of its channel, the gradient of the slope that the river moves along , the volume of water that the river carries and the amount of friction caused by rough edges within the riverbed.
What are the 3 types of stream load?
Stream load is broken into three types: dissolved load, suspended load, and bed load (Ritter, 2006).
When can a stream carry the greatest total load?
A stream typically reaches its greatest velocity when it is close to flooding over its banks . This is known as the bank-full stage, as shown in Figure 13.17.
How does a stream or flow of water lift carry or transport particles?
Transport. The main ways in which transport happens are: Traction – quite large stones can be rolled or dragged along the river bed by the force of the water. ... Suspension – if particles are small enough the river can lift them and carry them long distances.
What factors affect the rate of erosion and deposition?
Factors that affect the rate of erosion include weather, climate, shape of the land, and type of rock . The presence of plants and the way humans use the land affect the rate of erosion.
What is the ability of a stream to carry particles of sediment?
The ability of flowing water to dislodge and transport rock particles or sediment is called hydraulic action . In general, the greater the velocity of the water and the steeper the grade, the greater the hydraulic action capabilities of the stream.
What causes stream erosion?
Gravity causes the water to flow from higher to lower ground. As the runoff flows, it may pick up loose bits of soil and sand. Runoff causes more erosion if the land is bare.
What are the three main stream erosion factors?
So what determines how much material a stream can erode? A stream’s gradient, discharge, and load are three main factors that control what sediment a stream can carry.
How does a stream carry material from?
Flowing streams pick up and transport weathered materials by eroding sediments from their banks . Streams also carry ions and ionic compounds that dissolve easily in the water. Sediments are carried as the following loads: dissolved, suspended, and bed. A dissolved load is composed of ions in solution.
In what three ways does a stream transport its load define each?
The three ways that the stream transports its load is in solution/dissolved load, suspension/suspended load, and sliding or rolling along the bottom/bed load .
Which factor does not influence stream velocity?
The factor that does not influence stream velocity is b. stream elevation . While gravity is what causes water to flow through the stream, the actual elevation of the stream itself has no effect, though factors like channel size and shape, water volume, and the gradient of the land itself do.
What three factors affect how fast a river flows?
What three factors affect how fast a river flows and how much sediment it can erode? A river’s slope, volume of flow, and the shape of its streambed.
How do streams erode their channels and transport sediment?
Streams erode their channels by lifting loose particles by abrasion, grinding, and by dissolving soluble material . ... Streams transport sediment in solution, in suspension, and by rolling along the bottom.
What is the lowest point to which a stream can erode its channel?
A stream’s base level is the lowest level to which a stream can erode its channel.
How does gradient affect the velocity of a stream?
Gradient is the slope or steepness of a stream channel. It affects the stream’s velocity because the steeper the gradient is, the greater the velocity, due to gravity . ... Velocity affects capacity through discharge, since the greater the volume of water in a stream is, the greater its capacity is for carrying sediment.
What three variables influence the speed of stream flow?
What three variables influence the speed of stream flow? Stream gradient, stream discharge, and channel growth .
What are the components of stream load?
- the bed load – materials bounced along the stream bottom.
- the suspended load – material carried in suspension in the stream water.
- the dissolved load – material carried as dissolved solids in the stream water.
What happens when a stream is loaded to its capacity?
Capacity depends on how fast the stream is moving and its total discharge . The competence of the stream is the size of the largest particle it can carry. As a stream slows down, its competence and capacity are reduced. The stream starts to deposit sediment, beginning with the largest pieces.
What is stream gradient?
Gradient. The slope of a stream, GRADIENT, is described as the change (loss) of elevation of the stream with distance downstream .
What affects stream competence?
In hydrology stream competency, also known as stream competence, is a measure of the maximum size of particles a stream can transport . ... Stream capacity, while linked to stream competency through velocity, is the total quantity of sediment a stream can carry.
What factors contribute in the transportation of sediments?
The two main flow factors in sediment transport are the settling rate and the boundary layer shear stress 27 .
What are the factors that determine which method of transportation material is moved by?
- When energy levels are very high, large rocks and boulders can be transported. ...
- When energy levels are low, only small particles can be transported (if any).
What are the main reasons why rivers deposit their load?
1- Loss of river velocity, causing it to deposit its load due to a loss of energy . 2- The river meets a more shallow area, meaning the friction causes the river to deposit its load due to a loss of energy.
When a stream has a greater supply of sediment than it can carry?
Aggradation (or alluviation) is the term used in geology for the increase in land elevation, typically in a river system, due to the deposition of sediment. Aggradation occurs in areas in which the supply of sediment is greater than the amount of material that the system is able to transport.
How does the speed of a stream affects the suspended load?
Unlike dissolved load, the size of the particle that can be carried as suspended load is determined by the velocity of the stream . As a stream flows faster, it can carry larger and larger particles. The larger the size particle that can be carried by a stream, the greater the stream’s competence.
How do streams and rivers cause erosion and deposition?
Water flowing over Earth’s surface or underground causes erosion and deposition. Water flowing over a steeper slope moves faster and causes more erosion. How water transports particles depends on their size. When water slows down, it starts depositing sediment, starting with the largest particles first.
What are two ways streams erode their channels?
streams generally erode their channels by dissolving soluble material by lifting loose particles, and by abrasion, or grinding .
What is the process of a stream?
When precipitation falls onto the ground, some water trickles into groundwater, but much of it flows downhill across the surface as runoff and collects into streams. ... Streams create channels by wearing down rock and carrying it and other sediment downstream. This process is called erosion .
What are two factors that impact deposition?
Factors influencing the deposition of inhaled particles can be classified into three main areas: (1) the physics of aerosols , (2) the anatomy of the respiratory tract and (3) the airflow patterns in the lung airways.
What are some of the factors that affect deposition?
In the physics of aerosols, the forces acting on a particle and its physical and chemical properties, such as particle size or size distribution, density, shape, hygroscopic or hydrophobic character , and chemical reactions of the particle will affect the deposition.
What are 2 types of erosion?
There are two types of erosion: intrinsic and extrinsic .
What factors increase stream load?
Stream load is directly proportional to stream velocity and stream gradient and relates the amount of material transported past a point during a specified time interval. The greater the velocity, the greater the sum of the mass that can be transported by a stream (stream load).
What determines the maximum sediment load of a stream?
The maximum load of sediment that a stream can transport is called its capacity . Capacity is directly proportional to the discharge: the greater the amount of water flowing in the stream, the greater the amount of sediment it can carry.
What are the three components of sediment load in a stream and how do competence and capacity differ?
What are the components of sediment load in a stream? The sediment load consists of three components, dissolved load, suspended load, and bed load . Distinguish between a stream’s competence and its capacity. A stream’s competence is how big the particles are in a stream and capacity is how much sediment is transported.
Which two factors will increase the rate of a streams flow?
Flood Erosion and Deposition : As flood waters rise, the slope of the stream as it flows to its base level (e.g., the ocean or a lake) increases. Also, as stream depth increases, the hydraulic radius increases thereby making the stream more free flowing. Both of these factors lead to an increase in stream velocity.
Which 2 factors determine the rate of stream erosion?
What two factors control stream discharge and erosion? The two main factors that control stream erosion and deposition are a stream’s velocity and discharge , of which velocity plays a greater role.
What are the two factors that affect the ability of moving water to erode?
The severity of water erosion is influenced by slope, soil type, soil water storage capacity, nature of the underlying rock, vegetation cover, and rainfall intensity and period . Wind erosion is caused by the action of the wind on the soil surface and is the process by which fine soil particles are carried away.
