Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
target the folic acid biochemical pathway of bacteria. These antibacterial compounds are termed folic acid pathway inhibitors. Sulfonamides interfere with the formation of folic acid, an essential precursor for nucleic acid synthesis.
Which drug group inhibits folic acid synthesis?
Sulfonamides
, a class of antimicrobials that work by inhibiting folate biosynthesis.
Which antibiotics function as folate antagonist?
Chemical structures of tetrahydrofolic acid and two antifolates: methotrexate (classical antifolate) and
sulfacetamide
(non-classical antifolate), commonly used as folic acid antagonists.
Which pair of antimicrobial agents inhibit folic acid synthesis?
Antimicrobial Resistance
Sulfa drugs and trimethoprim
, both of which are inexpensive and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, are often used in combination because they act synergistically. Both drugs inhibit folic acid synthesis in bacteria, which is necessary for DNA synthesis.
Do sulfa drugs target folic acid synthesis in humans?
Sulfa drugs are bacteriostatic; i.e., they inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria but do not kill them. They act by
interfering with the synthesis of folic acid
(folate), a member of the vitamin B complex present in all living cells.
Which drug is a folate antagonist?
A number of drugs such as
aminopterin, methotrexate (amethopterin)
, pyrimethamine, trimethoprim and triamterene act as folate antagonists and produce folate deficiency by inhibiting this enzyme.
Which antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis?
Erythromycin
, a macrolide, binds to the 23S rRNA component of the 50S ribosome and interferes with the assembly of 50S subunits. Erythromycin, roxithromycin, and clarithromycin all prevent elongation at the transpeptidation step of synthesis by blocking the 50S polypeptide export tunnel.
Which of the following is a folic acid antagonist?
Methotrexate
.
Methotrexate
, a folic acid antagonist, is used in the treatment of several disorders. Its major action is inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase, a critical enzyme in intracellular folate metabolism.
What is empiric broad spectrum antibiotics?
Empiric antibiotic therapy refers to
the use of antibiotics to treat a suspected bacterial infection despite lack of a specific bacterial diagnosis
. Definitive diagnosis of the species of bacteria often occurs through culture of blood, sputum, or urine, and can be delayed by 24 to 72 hours.
How much folic acid should you take daily?
The recommended daily amount of folate for adults is
400 micrograms (mcg)
. Adult women who are planning pregnancy or could become pregnant should be advised to get 400 to 1,000 mcg of folic acid a day.
What antibiotics disrupt cytoplasmic membrane?
Disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane by the faulty proteins kills the bacterial cells. The aminoglycosides, which include drugs such as
streptomycin, gentamicin, neomycin, and kanamycin
, are potent broad-spectrum antibacterials.
What interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis?
β-Lactam antibiotics
are bacteriocidal and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Glycopeptide antibiotics include vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, bleomycin, ramoplanin, and decaplanin.
Why do bacteria need folic acid?
Folic acid is an essential nutrient necessary for protein and nucleic acid synthesis (DNA and RNA). Folic acid is synthesized by bacteria from the substrate, para-amino-benzoic acid (PABA), and all cells require folic acid for
growth
.
Why do antibiotics target bacteria but not human cells?
by Drugs.com
Antibiotics
work by interfering with the bacterial cell wall to prevent growth and replication of the bacteria
. Human cells do not have cell walls, but many types of bacteria do, and so antibiotics can target bacteria without harming human cells.
Is amoxicillin a reversible or irreversible inhibitor?
For diphenolase activity, amoxicillin was found to be
a reversible inhibitor
, with an IC50 value of 9.0 ± 1.8 mM. Kinetics analysis showed that amoxicillin was a mixed type inhibitor of the enzyme with KI and KIS values of 8.30 mM and 44.79 mM, respectively.
Which class of drugs interferes with the synthesis of folate or folic acid?
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
inhibit synthesis of folate at two different sites. The sulfonamides are structurally similar to PABA and block the incorporation of PABA into dihydropteroic acid.
