Command—and—control policy refers to environmental policy that relies on regulation (permission, prohibition, standard setting and enforcement) as opposed to financial incentives, that is, economic instruments of cost internalisation.
Do command and control policies work?
Command-and-control regulation has been highly successful in protecting and cleaning up the US environment. In 1970, the Environmental Protection Agency was created to oversee all environmental laws . ... Once the command-and-control regulation has been satisfied, polluters have zero incentive to do better.
What are command and control methods?
Command and control is a type of environmental regulation that allows policy makers to specifically regulate both the amount and the process by which a firm should maintain the quality of the environment.
When can command and control policies be useful?
The government can respond to externalities in two ways. The government can use command-and-control policies to regulate behavior directly . Alternatively, it can implement market-based policies such as taxes and subsidies to incentivize private decision makers to change their own behavior.
Which is an example of command and control regulation?
Command-and-control approach and environment standards
It is a mandated level of performance enforced through a piece of legislation. A few examples are the limits set on the volume of timber that could be harvested, bans on the cutting of trees, and maximum levels legally allowed for pollution emissions .
What are the basic elements of command and control?
The basic elements of our command and control system are people, information, and the command and control support structure . The first element of command and control is people—people who gather information, make decisions, take action, communicate, and cooperate with one another in the accomplishment of a common goal.
What is command and control leadership?
The command and control leader is goal-oriented, authoritative and decisive . He or she is well suited to a structured regime with clear tasks. The innovative leader, on the other hand, is better suited to an ambiguous or fluid situation.
Is command and control efficient?
In some cases, given the marginal costs of pollution control, technological constraints, and existing institutions, CAC can be the most efficient means of achieving a society’s environmental protection goals.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of command and control regulations?
Command economy advantages include low levels of inequality and unemployment , and the common objective of replacing profit as the primary incentive of production. Command economy disadvantages include lack of competition and lack of efficiency.
What is control or regulation?
is that regulation is (uncountable) the act of regulating or the condition of being regulated while control is (countable|uncountable) influence or authority over.
Which one is command and control policy quizlet?
What is command-and-control regulation? sets specific limits for pollution emissions and/or mandates that specific pollution-control technologies that must be used . ... It usually requires the same standard for all polluters, and often the same pollution-control technology as well.
What is the regulatory approach?
Overview. Regulatory approaches require government agencies to restrict or direct the activities of regulated parties using terms and conditions within statutory and regulatory instruments , operating permits, licences, approvals or codes of practice. ... Regulatory approaches range widely.
What is the focus of a command and control approach to reducing pollution?
In effect, command-and-control regulation requires that firms increase their costs by installing anti-pollution equipment ; firms are thus required to take the social costs of pollution into account. Command-and-control regulation has been highly successful in protecting and cleaning up the U.S. environment.
What is the relationship between command and control?
Command: The exercise of authority based upon certain knowledge to attain an objective. Control: The process of verifying and correcting activity such that the objective or goal of command is accomplished.
What is a positive externality example?
A positive externality exists if the production and consumption of a good or service benefits a third party not directly involved in the market transaction . For example, education directly benefits the individual and also provides benefits to society as a whole through the provision of more...
What is a corrective subsidy?
A payment from the government to the producers or consumers of a merit good , or one that creates positive externalities in its production or consumption. Meant to achieve a more socially optimal level of output.
