Idiosyncratic drug reactions may be defined as adverse effects that cannot be explained by the known mechanisms of action of the offending agent , do not occur at any dose in most patients, and develop mostly unpredictably in susceptible individuals only.
Which is an example of an idiosyncratic reaction?
Idiosyncratic reactions are unpredictable and not explained by the pharmacologic properties of the drug. An example is the individual with infectious mononucleosis who develops a rash when given ampicillin .
What causes idiosyncratic reaction?
The propensity of a drug to cause an idiosyncratic reaction is dependent on its chemical characteristics , but individual susceptibility is determined by patient-specific factors, in particular the expression of immunologic receptors that display drug-derived antigens on the cell surface.
What is idiosyncrasy in toxicology?
“Drug idiosyncrasy” refers to untoward reactions to drugs that occur in a small fraction of patients and have no obvious relationship to dose or duration of therapy . The liver is a frequent target for toxicity.
What is idiosyncrasy in pharmacology?
“Drug idiosyncrasy” refers to untoward reactions to drugs that occur in a small fraction of patients and have no obvious relationship to dose or duration of therapy.
What is idiosyncrasy and allergy?
Idiosyncratic reactions are adverse reactions to foods that occur through unknown mechanisms . As suggested by this definition, idiosyncratic illnesses are poorly understood. In fact, the cause-and-effect relationship implicating the food or food ingredient as the cause of the illness is often quite weak.
What do you mean by idiosyncrasy?
1a : a peculiarity of constitution or temperament : an individualizing characteristic or quality. b : individual hypersensitiveness (as to a drug or food) 2 : characteristic peculiarity (as of temperament) broadly : eccentricity.
When an abnormal or unusual reaction to a drug?
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an injury caused by taking medication. ADRs may occur following a single dose or prolonged administration of a drug or result from the combination of two or more drugs.
What are adverse reactions?
An adverse reaction is an unexpected negative reaction to a medication or treatment that is used in an approved manner . While sometimes used interchangeably with side effects, the term side effect often refers to effects that are minor or confer less harm.
What the body does to drug?
Pharmacokinetics , sometimes described as what the body does to a drug, refers to the movement of drug into, through, and out of the body—the time course of its absorption.
What is an example of an adverse drug reaction?
Examples of such adverse drug reactions include rashes, jaundice, anemia , a decrease in the white blood cell count, kidney damage, and nerve injury that may impair vision or hearing. These reactions tend to be more serious but typically occur in a very small number of people.
What is it called when medicine has the opposite effect?
Abstract. A paradoxical drug reaction constitutes an outcome that is opposite from the outcome that would be expected from the drug’s known actions.
What is idiosyncrasy with example?
The definition of an idiosyncrasy is an unusual behavior, mannerism or reaction of a person or group of people. An example of idiosyncrasy is someone being allergic to air . ... A behavior or way of thinking that is characteristic of a person.
Is idiosyncrasy genetic?
Idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions are unpredictable and thought to have an underlying genetic etiology .
Why is ketotifen used?
Ketotifen is used as a long-term (maintenance) treatment in children to prevent or decrease wheezing and troubled breathing caused by allergic-type asthma . It is usually used along with other medications for asthma (including corticosteroids such as prednisone, inhaled beta agonists such as salbutamol).
What causes delayed hypersensitivity?
Delayed hypersensitivity is a common immune response that occurs through direct action of sensitized T cells when stimulated by contact with antigen . It is referred to as a delayed response in that it will usually require 12–24 hours at a minimum for signs of inflammation to occur locally.
