| Macromolecule Basic Formula, key features Monomer | Proteins CHON −NH 2 + −COOH +R group Amino acids | Lipids C:H:O Greater than 2:1 H:O (carboxyl group) Fatty acid and glycerol | Carbohydrates C:H:O 1:2:1 Monosaccharides | Nucleic Acids CHONP pentose, nitrogenous base, phosphate Nucleotides |
|---|
What are the major biological macromolecules?
Biological macromolecules are important cellular components and perform a wide array of functions necessary for the survival and growth of living organisms. The four major classes of biological macromolecules are
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
.
What are the 4 major macromolecules and their functions?
- Nucleic acids: Stores and transfers info.
- Carbohydrates; Store energy, provide fuel, and build structure in body, main source of energy, structure of plant cell wall.
- Lipid: Insulator and stores fat and energy.
- Protein: Provide structural support,transport, enzymes, movement, defense.
What are macromolecules give 2 examples?
Examples of macromolecules include
proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids etc
. Lipids are found to be present in the acid-insoluble fraction, however, they are not of high molecular weight.
What are the 5 macromolecules?
| Biological macromolecule Building blocks | Carbohydrates Monosaccharides (simple sugars) | Lipids Fatty acids and glycerol | Proteins Amino acids | Nucleic acids Nucleotides |
|---|
How macromolecules are used in the body?
For example, macromolecules
provide structural support
, a source of stored fuel, the ability to store and retrieve genetic information, and the ability to speed biochemical reactions. Four major types of macromolecules—proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids—play these important roles in the life of a cell.
Which biological macromolecule is the most important and why?
Nucleic acids
are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and carry instructions for the functioning of the cell.
What are examples of macromolecules?
Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids
are the four major classes of biological macromolecules—large molecules necessary for life that are built from smaller organic molecules. Macromolecules are made up of single units known as monomers that are joined by covalent bonds to form larger polymers.
What are 3 other names for macromolecules?
- lipid.
- protein.
- nucleic acid.
- organic compound.
- supermolecule.
- lipoid.
- sugar.
- saccharide.
What is the most important biomolecule?
Why is
protein
the most important biomolecule? Proteins are the most diverse biomolecules on Earth, performing many functions required for life. Protein enzymes are biological catalysts, maintaining life by regulating where and when cellular reactions occur.
Is RNA a lipid protein or carbohydrate?
Carbohydrates
(polymers of sugars) Lipids (polymers of lipid monomers) Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA; polymers of nucleotides)
What foods are macromolecules found in?
- Meat fat.
- Butter.
- Full-fat dairy products.
- Coconut oil and products.
- Peanut oil, palm oil and cottonseed oil.
- Our occasional foods such as chips, biscuits and cake.
What are macromolecules give three examples?
The most important examples of macromolecules in a cell are
nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
.
Why proteins are called biological polymer?
All the cells are basically made up of proteins.
Enzymes which carry out biological reactions are also proteinaceous in nature
. Antibodies, haemoglobin and even adrenaline receptors are all proteins. Therefore, they are called as biological polymers.
The three elements that make up over 99 percent of organic molecules are
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
. These three combine together to form almost all chemical structures needed for life, including carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
