In contrast to forced resettlement movements of the past, 20th-century ethnic cleansing efforts have been driven by the rise of nationalist movements with racist theories fed by the desire to “purify” the nation by expelling (and in many cases destroying) groups considered “alien.”
What are some examples of ethnic cleansing and why did it occur?
Examples of ethnic cleansing understood in this sense include the Armenian massacres by the Turks in 1915–16 , the Nazi Holocaust of European Jews in the 1930s and ’40s, the expulsion of Germans from Polish and Czechoslovak territory after World War II, the Soviet Union’s deportation of certain ethnic minorities from ...
What are the steps of ethnic cleansing?
Ethnic Cleansing, History of
Drawing on classical and modern historical cases, ethnic cleansing may include colonial or frontier cleansing of indigenous populations, forcible population transfers, and mass expulsions following partitions of postwar settlements, ideological ‘classicides,’ and elements of genocide .
What is ethnic cleansing?
rendering an area ethnically homogeneous by using force or intimidation to remove persons of given groups from the area.” In its final report S/1994/674, the same Commission described ethnic cleansing as “... a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the ...
What are the effects of ethnic cleansing?
Conclusions: Ethnic cleansing has caused high rates of PTSD and depression, as well as other forms of psychological morbidity , in this group of resettled Bosnian refugees. The longitudinal sequelae of ethnic cleansing as a form of massive psychic trauma remain to be studied.
Which of the following is an example of ethnic cleansing?
The Holocaust is possibly the most horrific example of ethnic cleansing, as the Nazis annihilated around 6 million European Jews. A final example is a forced displacement carried out in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda during the 1990s.
What are examples of ethnic conflicts?
- Maluku sectarian conflict.
- Yugoslav Wars.
- The Troubles.
- Insurgency in the North Caucasus.
- Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
- Armenian genocide.
- Rwandan genocide.
- Rohingya genocide.
When was the first ethnic cleansing?
Many instances of ethnic cleansing have occurred throughout history; the term was first used by the perpetrators as a euphemism during the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s . Since then, it has gained widespread acceptance due to journalism and the media’s heightened use of the term in its generic meaning.
Why was there ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia?
In the report, the ethnic cleansing in Bosnia and Herzegovina was singled out and described as a political objective of Serb nationalists who wanted to ensure control of territories with a Serb majority as well as “adjacent territories assimilated to them” .
How do you determine your ethnicity?
Ethnicity is a broader term than race. The term is used to categorize groups of people according to their cultural expression and identification . Commonalities such as racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin may be used to describe someone’s ethnicity.
What is ethnic persecution?
Primary tabs. Ethnic persecution is a crime against humanity under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC).
How are ethnic groups classified?
Membership of an ethnic group tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language, or dialect , symbolic systems such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, or physical appearance. Moreover, ethnic groups are also defined by genetics.
What is the definition of the term genocide?
Genocide is an internationally recognized crime where acts are committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part , a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
What constitutes a crime against humanity?
Crimes against humanity refer to specific crimes committed in the context of a large-scale attack targeting civilians , regardless of their nationality. These crimes include murder, torture, sexual violence, enslavement, persecution, enforced disappearance, etc.
What is the difference between race and ethnicity?
“Race” is usually associated with biology and linked with physical characteristics such as skin color or hair texture. “ Ethnicity” is linked with cultural expression and identification . However, both are social constructs used to categorize and characterize seemingly distinct populations.
When did the ethnic cleansing in Myanmar start?
| Destroyed village in Rakhine State, September 2017 | Date 9 October 2016 – January 2017 25 August 2017 – present | Cause Attacks on Burmese border police posts by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army Historic mistreatment of the Rohingya by the government Existing tensions between Buddhist and Muslim communities |
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