Known risk factors for malaria include
low utilization of Insecticidal Treated bed Nets (ITNs)
, low utilization of Indoor Residual Spray (IRS), availability of multiple mosquito breeding sites or stagnant water sites near the home, and staying outdoors overnight [8–11].
What are the risk factors of malaria in pregnancy?
Socio-demographic factors (residence, illiteracy, non-availability and non-compliance to use of long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets and lack of access to antimalaria prophylaxis during pregnancy)
are factors contributing to prevalence of malaria among pregnant African women.
What are environmental factors?
Environmental factors include
temperature, food, pollutants, population density, sound, light, and parasites
. The diversity of environmental stresses that have been shown to cause an increase in asymmetry is probably not exclusive; many other kinds of stress might provide similar effects.
What are the signs of malaria in pregnancy?
| Sign No. % | Severe dehydration signs 5 3.0 | Hypothermia (axillar temperature < 35.5°C) 4 2.4 | Persistent vomiting (> 4 times in 24 hours) 4 2.4 | Intense pallor and heart murmur 3 1.8 |
|---|
What are the environmental risk factors of malaria?
Environmental factors such as the
presence of bushes and stagnant water around homes, rainfall, low altitude and high temperatures
favor the breeding of malaria vectors, as well as parasite reproduction within them [4], while increased urbanization tends to reduce the rate of Anopheles breeding.
What happens when a pregnant woman has malaria?
Malaria infection during pregnancy can have adverse effects on both mother and fetus, including maternal anemia,
fetal loss
, premature delivery, intrauterine growth retardation, and delivery of low birth-weight infants (<2500 g or <5.5 pounds), a risk factor for death.
What is malaria during pregnancy?
falciparum malaria during pregnancy is
the accumulation of parasites in the placenta
, whereas parasite density in the peripheral circulation is low or undetectable (Brabin 1983; McGregor 1984).
What are the six environmental factors?
When considering strategic business decisions, businesses analyze the six general environmental forces:
political, economic, sociocultural, technology, environment and legal factors
.
What are environmental factors that affect human health?
- Chemical safety.
- Air pollution.
- Climate change and natural disasters.
- Diseases caused by microbes.
- Lack of access to health care.
- Infrastructure issues.
- Poor water quality.
- Global environmental issues.
What are the five environmental factors?
Temperature, oxygen, pH, water activity, pressure, radiation, lack of nutrients
…these are the primary ones.
Which organ is most affected in malaria?
Beyond the brain,
the lungs
are the most affected organ in severe malaria. Lung dysfunction occurs in 20% of all cases of adults with falciparum [3] or vivax [27] severe malaria.
How do you feel when you have malaria?
Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite. The parasite is spread to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. People who have malaria usually feel very sick with
a high fever and shaking chills
.
Where is malaria most common?
Malaria occurs in more than 100 countries and territories. About half of the world’s population is at risk. Large areas of
Africa and South Asia and parts of Central and South America
, the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Oceania are considered areas where malaria transmission occurs.
What are the 10 complications of malaria?
- liver failure and jaundice – yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes.
- shock – a sudden drop in blood pressure.
- pulmonary oedema – a build-up of fluid in the lungs.
- acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- abnormally low blood sugar – hypoglycaemia.
- kidney failure.
What is the treatment of malaria in pregnancy?
Uncomplicated malaria in pregnancy
Currently,
quinine and clindamycin
is the recommended treatment for women in the first trimester of pregnancy
31
. In many places, clindamycin is unavailable, and quinine monotherapy is prescribed.
What can a pregnant woman use for malaria?
Medications that can be used for the treatment of malaria in pregnancy include
chloroquine, quinine
, atovaquone-proguanil, clindamycin, mefloquine (avoid in first trimester), sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (avoid in first trimester) and the artemisinins (see below).
