Clinically, the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is identified by two or more symptoms including
fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnoea
How do you diagnose SIRS?
- Body temperature over 38 or under 36 degrees Celsius.
- Heart rate greater than 90 beats/minute.
- Respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths/minute or partial pressure of CO2 less than 32 mmHg.
Can SIRS be cured?
Patients with SIRS or sepsis require
immediate stabilization and treatment
. It is recommended that treatment be centered on fluid resuscitation, antimicrobial therapy, infectious source control, and overall supportive care (e.g., pain control, nutrition).
What happens when you have SIRS?
When SIRS occurs as a result of infection, it is termed
sepsis
. Severe sepsis occurs when there is evidence of organ hypoperfusion or dysfunction including decreased urine output, altered mental status, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
What is difference between SIRS and sepsis?
Sepsis is a systemic response to infection.
It is identical to SIRS
, except that it must result specifically from infection rather than from any of the noninfectious insults that may also cause SIRS (see the image below).
What are the 4 signs of SIRS?
SIRS was defined as fulfilling at least two of the following four criteria:
fever >38.0°C or hypothermia <36.0°C
, tachycardia >90 beats/minute, tachypnea >20 breaths/minute, leucocytosis >12*10
9
/l or leucopoenia <4*10
9
/l.
What are the classic signs of systemic inflammation?
Classic signs of inflammation include
fatigue, fever, and joint and muscle pain
. Inflammation is also known for causing symptoms that are considered atypical. This can include things like balance issues, insulin resistance, muscle weakness, eye problems, skin issues, and more.
What are some common infectious causes of SIRS?
- Bacterial sepsis.
- Burn wound infections.
- Candidiasis.
- Cellulitis.
- Cholecystitis.
- Community-acquired pneumonia.
- Diabetic foot infection.
- Erysipelas.
Can dehydration cause SIRS?
SIRS criteria may be met by other etiologies such as dehydration, trauma or ischemia. These processes may raise heart rate, respiratory rate, white count and sometimes fever, and therefore meet SIRS criteria, but are not infections.
Do you treat SIRS with antibiotics?
All patients should have adequate intravenous access and often require 2 large bore IV’s or a central venous catheter. Empiric
antibiotics are not indicated for all patients with SIRS
(Table 4). Fever is not an indication for antibiotics.
What are the causes of SIRS?
It may be caused by a
severe bacterial infection (sepsis), trauma, or pancreatitis
. It is marked by fast heart rate, low blood pressure, low or high body temperature, and low or high white blood cell count. The condition may lead to multiple organ failure and shock. Also called SIRS.
When do we use SIRS criteria?
SIRS criteria are mostly used as a
screening tool to identify patients that may need further workup for sepsis and severe sepsis
. In the emergency department it is a triage tool that helps determine patient acuity and identify patients that are potentially septic and in need of further screening.
What is the difference between sepsis and inflammation?
Sepsis is the consequence of
widespread inflammation
(swelling) in the body. Inflammation and blood clotting during sepsis causes reduced blood flow to limbs and vital organs, and can lead to organ failure and even death.
What are the 3 stages of sepsis?
The three stages of sepsis are:
sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock
. When your immune system goes into overdrive in response to an infection, sepsis may develop as a result.
Can SIRS be a primary diagnosis?
According to coding guidelines, the code for SIRS (995.90 to 995.94)
should never be sequenced as a principal diagnosis
. If SIRS is caused by an infection, coding rules require septicemia (038. x) to be listed first. If SIRS is caused by a noninfectious process, then that condition would be listed first.
What is inflammatory response?
The inflammatory response (inflammation) occurs
when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause
. The damaged cells release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling.
